List of Articles validity

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  1 - Investigating Validity of Probative Evidences and Its Application in Jurisprudence and Islamic Law
  Seyed Abolqasem  Naqibi Elham  Maghzi Najafabadi
  Abstract: The validity of probative evidences is one of the fundamental discussions in methodology of religion. Probative evidences (religious circumstantial evidences) are among the evidences needed for interpretation and inference of the Sharia rules, the signifiers o More

  Abstract: The validity of probative evidences is one of the fundamental discussions in methodology of religion. Probative evidences (religious circumstantial evidences) are among the evidences needed for interpretation and inference of the Sharia rules, the signifiers of which–in addition to comparative signified–have sometimes evidentiary effects. Evidentiary effect in methodology means the religious effects attributable to the rational instruments, necessities and requirements, either ordinary or accidental, which can be taken as evidence or codes of action. In case of the validity of probative evidence and its reasons, three theories may be put forth: Some jurists attribute the nature of evidence, in terms of proof, depending upon its validity thus rule on absolute validity of probative evidence. Some others, however believing in absolute validity of the probative evidence, have attributed the reason to the quality of proof and attribution of the reasons for validity of the evidence. The third group of jurists believe in a detailed manner which draws a line of separation between various types of evidence and probative evidences. Apparently, to study the validity of probative evidences, the reasons for validity of the evidence must be taken into consideration. Therefore, if the reason behind validity of the evidence is an instance of compulsory obedience, its probative reasoning shall not be valid but if it is based on logical and consistent usages (which is true in the case of the majority of cases) the criterion will be constraints in logical usages and related terms. This is because men of reason at times take something as evidence while at the same time reject its probative values, such as evidence on probation, possession, presumption of marriage bed, and confession. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Legal-Jurisprudential Analysis of Conditional Sale Option in Relation to Transactions with Right of Restitution
  Saeed  Karami
  Abstract: There is divergence of opinions on contracting or pledging in optional sale. Imamiyah jurists endorse the act and consider it as an instance of sale in nature. Sunni jurists identify optional sale as bay’ al-Wafa or buyback sale, associating it with a pledge ( More

  Abstract: There is divergence of opinions on contracting or pledging in optional sale. Imamiyah jurists endorse the act and consider it as an instance of sale in nature. Sunni jurists identify optional sale as bay’ al-Wafa or buyback sale, associating it with a pledge (rahn) contract. The conditional sale can be analyzed in two ways: First, the conditional sale involving the contractual relationship between mortgagor (seller) and mortgagee (buyer) stipulated in Article 34 of the Law on Registration of Deeds; Second, the conditional sale that does not govern the contractural relationship between the seller and buyer, and it is a real sale under articles 485-462 of the Law. The conditional sale governing the contractural relationship between the mortgagor and mortgagee is an instance of transaction with the right of restitution (Article 33 of the Law). This is why the law has considered the request for registration of the property in conditional sale as a right for the debtor, because in this type of conditional sale the buyer does not intend to conclude a contract of sale. Any negligence of this criterion will raise ambiguities: First, any conditional sale will be taken as the one with the right of restitution, whereas it is otherwise. Second, the real conditional sale has been well stipulated in Article 399 of the Civil Code; therefore, all sales stipulated in Article 399 of the Civil Code must be considered as the transactions with the right of restitution. It is clear that the existence of the element of option in a sale contract does not mean it is an instance of transaction with the right of restitution. Articles 33 and 34 of the Law on Registration of Deeds are not exclusive to provisions of Article 459, because this article is not about the conditional sale governing the contractual relationship between the mortgagor and mortgagee, whereas articles 33 and 34 of the Law govern such relationship. Manuscript profile
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  3 - A Study of Conceptual Authority in Discerning the Condition of Banning Halal and Authorizing Haram in Imamiya Jurisprudence
  Seyed Abolqasem  Naqibi Sajjad  Razaghi
  Abstract: The condition of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram is one of the most important discussions in Imamiya jurisprudence. Jurists consider the proviso enforceable in case the condition does not ban Halal nor authorize Haram. There is difference of opinion amo More

  Abstract: The condition of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram is one of the most important discussions in Imamiya jurisprudence. Jurists consider the proviso enforceable in case the condition does not ban Halal nor authorize Haram. There is difference of opinion among them on conceptual authority in discerning the condition of banning Halal and authorizing Haram. Some jurists like Sheikh Ansari are of the opinion that the condition leading to authorization of an unchangeable rule on Haram and banning an unchangeable rule on Halal, shall be considered an instance of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram. Some other jurists, like Mohaqeq Yazdi and Nayini believe that the verdicts must first be divided into mandatory and conditional rules before expressing any authorization or banning. In mandatory rules, the late Naraqi – like Sheikh Ansari – only considers commitment to unchangeable rules (Wajib or religiously obligatory act and Haram or religiously forbidden) against the Book and Sunnah or tradition, however, commitment to act or avoid to act in permissible rules is allowed. Also, he says any change in conditional rules by setting a condition is against the Sharia law. Some other jurists, like Imam Khomeini, have resorted to the common law in expressing the quality of authority in its discernment. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Study Validity and Reliability of Digital Citizenship Scale in Birjand City
  Sadegh Hamedinasab Someyyeh Bakhshiparikhani
  10.52547/jstpi.20903.17.68.34
  Due to the growing number of new media, the number of digital citizens in society is increasing day by day. A digital citizen is a citizen who has the ability to use the online services provided by the government of each country to the best of his ability. The purpose o More

  Due to the growing number of new media, the number of digital citizens in society is increasing day by day. A digital citizen is a citizen who has the ability to use the online services provided by the government of each country to the best of his ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of digital citizenship scale in Birjand city. The statistical population of this study was all individuals aged 18 years and older in Birjand city, of which 384 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The instrument used in this research is a digital citizen questionnaire, Chui, Glassman and Kristol (2017). Content validity of the Persian version was verified according to the opinion of the experts. Factor structure of digital citizenship questionnaire was investigated using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 substances have high yields in more than one factor; these materials were eliminated, and finally the final model included four factors; Internet political activity, technological skills, critical and local-global awareness. It came out with 22 substances. For reliability of this tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which coefficient for its components was 0.79- 0.99. Given that the validity and reliability indicators of the Persian version of the Digital Citizen scale were all favorable, it can be used as a valid and reliable tool to identify digital citizens. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Psychometric Properties of the Profile of Emotional Competence: A Pilot Study
  Negin Bakhshi Farideh Yousefi
  Abstract The present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end 518 high school female students were selected in 2019 academic year using cluster sampling metho More

  Abstract The present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end 518 high school female students were selected in 2019 academic year using cluster sampling method and they completed the profile of emotional competence (Brasseur, Grégoire, Bourdu, & Mikolajczak, 2013), cultural competence Questionnaire (Central Vancouver Island Multicultural Society, 2007), and satisfaction with life scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). To investigate validity, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity were used. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two-factor structure of the questionnaire and yielded two factors named as intra emotional competence and inter emotional competence. The correlation coefficients of the questionnaire scores with life satisfaction and cultural competence were 0.30 and 0.90 respectively. These results showed the convergent validity of the scale. To assess the reliability the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was used. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor (α = 0.80 for intra emotional competence, and α = 0.78 for inter emotional competence), and the total score of the scale (α = 0.92). The findings suggest that the profile of emotional competence is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing emotional competence of Iranian high school students and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Psychometric Properties of the Profile of Emotional Competence
  Negin Bakhshi Farideh Yousefi
  The present study aimed at examining the validity, reliability, and the factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end, 518 high school female students were selected in the 2019 academic year using cluster sampling meth More

  The present study aimed at examining the validity, reliability, and the factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end, 518 high school female students were selected in the 2019 academic year using cluster sampling method, and they completed the Profile of Emotional Competence (Brasseur, Grégoire, Bourdu, & Mikolajczak, 2013), Cultural Competence Questionnaire (Central Vancouver Island Multicultural Society, 2007), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). To investigate the validity, the confirmatory factor analysis, and the convergent validity were used. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor structure of the questionnaire and yielded two factors named as intra emotional competence and inter emotional competence. The correlation coefficients of the questionnaire scores with life satisfaction and cultural competence were 0.30 and 0.52 respectively. These results showed the convergent validity of the scale. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was used. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor (α = 0.78 for intra emotional competence, and α = 0.80 for inter emotional competence), and the total score of the scale (α = 0.92). The findings suggest that the profile of emotional competence is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing emotional competence for Iranian high school students and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire in the students of the junior and senior high schools
  Mohsen Arbezi Mahboubeh Fouladchang
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Elliott, Mariyama and Pekran Achievement Goal Questionnaire in two groups of junior high school and high school students. Therefore, in the form of a psychometric study to evaluate the va More

  The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Elliott, Mariyama and Pekran Achievement Goal Questionnaire in two groups of junior high school and high school students. Therefore, in the form of a psychometric study to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Achevement Goal Questionnaire; 699 students (279 junior high school students, 420 high school students) of evaz city (located in the south of Fars) who were studying in the academic year 400-99; Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was selected; And answered the questionnaires of achievement goals, academic engagement, academic self-regulation and intrinsic motivation. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six components of task orientation, task avoidance, self-orientation, self-avoidance, other-approach and other-avoidance. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the scale; All coefficients indicated acceptable internal consistency of the components of the development goals. The results show that the Elliott et al.'s Achievement Goal Questionnaire has good validity and reliability in junior high and high school students; And has the necessary efficiency to measure the goals of that progress. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Investigating the Factor Structure and Psychometric Characteristics of Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale in Females
  Nasim Zafargholizadeh Ali khademi Reza Tasbihsazan-Mashhadi
  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Factor Structure and Psychometric Characteristics of Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale in females. This research have done using mixed-method in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative sect More

  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Factor Structure and Psychometric Characteristics of Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale in females. This research have done using mixed-method in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative section of the research, expert interviews included 7 experts on family and Couples therapy were conducted using structured interviews and semi -structured interviews that led to the extraction of primary indicators.The method of research in the quantitative part was descriptive –correlation. The statistical population included married females in Urmia in 2017, and 1000 of these females were selected by available sampling. The tools of the present study were Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale (EAPS) and Marital Happiness Scale (MHS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Based on exploratory factor analysis, five factors were identified: Family Properties, media, Sexual behavior style, Personality Traits and cognitive. Overall, the extracted factors accounted for 51/56% of the total variance of the test. Content validity, Structural validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the validity. Fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis model, confirmed validity of this attitude scale. Its reliability through the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.88 obtained. Based on the findings Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale is a valid and reliable tool and can be used in clinical and research situations. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Psychometric Adequacy of Women's Sexual Well-being Scale in Married Women: Validity, Reliability and Factor Structure
  reza chalmeh fatemeh abdolahi
  10.52547/fash.2.1.29
  The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in Iranian married women. For this purpose, a sample of 297 married women (with a mean age of 33.7 years and an age range of 24 to 45 years) was More

  The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in Iranian married women. For this purpose, a sample of 297 married women (with a mean age of 33.7 years and an age range of 24 to 45 years) was selected by simple random sampling. The Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Reef, 1995) and Women's Sexual Well-Being Scale (Rosen et al., 2009) were completed by the sample group. The validity of this scale was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods, convergent and simultaneous validity. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by two methods of Cronbach's alpha and halving. The results of factor analysis using principal component method and varimax rotation showed that this scale consists of 4 factors with the titles of interpersonal relationships, cognitive-emotional domain, physical stimulation and orgasm satisfaction, which is more than 66% of the variance. They explain the whole. The convergent validity of this scale indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the female sexual well-being scale and the total score. To determine the simultaneous validity of the scale, the correlation between the dimensions of the female sexual well-being scale and the psychological well-being scale was used, which indicated a favorable correlation (p <0.001). Cronbach's alpha and halving coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.63 to 0.82. The final result is that the Persian form of the Women's Sexual Welfare Scale has good validity and reliability in Iranian society and can be used in research, educational and clinical situations. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Normalization of the Cognitive Questionnaire about Body and Health (cabah)
  maryam khadirzare فریده نرگسی farzad zandi alireza mokhberi
  Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to st More

  Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to standardize Questionnaire 30 of this questionnaire in Iran. The number of samples in this study included 869 male and female students with health anxiety in Sanandaj Azad University, Kurdistan University and Khorramabad University of Medical Sciences who were selected by convenience sampling. Were evaluated. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method and the construct validity was obtained by confirmatory factor analysis using Lizrel software. The Cronbach's alpha value of the whole questionnaire is 0.80, which indicates the appropriate internal consistency of the questionnaire. Also, the correlation between two parallel forms in the halving test for the CABAH questionnaire was 0.61, which is also acceptable. Therefore, in general, it can be said that the CABAH questionnaire has good reliability and can be used as a valid tool. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Making and Survey of Psychometric Features of Psychological-Marital Problems Questionnaire (PMPQ) in Women Who Field for a Divorce with a History of Early Marriage: A Mixed Study
  seyed javad seifi Ghozlu Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi ALI rezaei sharif Ali Sheykholeslami
  The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on marriage problems in women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage. The present research method is an exploratory-confirmatory design and consists of two stages. The first step is th More

  The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on marriage problems in women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage. The present research method is an exploratory-confirmatory design and consists of two stages. The first step is the qualitative method and the exploratory method is used to make the tool. For this purpose, while interviewing 15 women applicants for divorce in the form of interviews with focus groups to the theoretical extent of data saturation, the initial form of the questionnaire was prepared. In the second stage of the research, using a quantitative method, the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire were investigated. For this purpose, 160 people were selected by available sampling from among women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage in Ardabil in 1399, and completed the psychological-marital problems questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Hudson Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the psychological-marital problems questionnaire contained 28 questions and 7 approved dimensions, which are: Anxiety, depression, confusion, insecurity and pessimism, nostalgia and loss, lack of mutual understanding and marital conflict. Calculation of validity and reliability of the questionnaire showed that this Questionnaire has high validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used in research and evaluation. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Investigating the Influence of Human Resources Management Activities on Customer Loyalty in the Hoteling Industry Using a Multilevel Approach
  zahra Nikkhah-Farkhani mohammad shaykhzade
  Considering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical popu More

  Considering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical population of the study comprised of managers, staff, and customers of four-star and five-star hotels in Mashhad. Moreover, the statistical sample size of the research at the organization level consisted of thirty-four, one-hundred and forty, two-hundred and forty managers, staff, and customers at organizational, staff, and customer levels, respectively. On the other hand, Sam’s 12-item questionnaire (2008) and the 17-item questionnaire developed by Al-Rafiei et al. (2013) were used to measure the human resources management activities and the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, respectively, whose validity and reliability was tested using the Content validity method and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Finally, HLM 7.02 and the SPSS software were used to analyse the collected data. The results proved the positive influence of human resources management activities on the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, and in turn, on the satisfaction and loyalty of the customers. Therefore, it could be argued that hotel managers can increase the loyalty of their customers by emphasizing human resource management activities and improving their staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, which would increase the profitability of hotels in the long term by reducing marketing costs. Manuscript profile
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  13 - The relationship of Quran with Traditions
  علی  نصیری
  Objective(s): There are four ideologies regarding the validity and Manbaee’at (being the primary source) of Quran and the traditions: 1) Quran-orienticism discusses that the only source for perceiving religion is the Holy Quran. 2) Tradition-orienticism argues that re More

  Objective(s): There are four ideologies regarding the validity and Manbaee’at (being the primary source) of Quran and the traditions: 1) Quran-orienticism discusses that the only source for perceiving religion is the Holy Quran. 2) Tradition-orienticism argues that resorting to the Infallibles’(AS) Sunnah is the only source for learning about religion. 3) Quran-orienticism and Tradition-orienticism focuses on the issue that Tradition is the same as Quran in validity and Manbaee’at. 4) Double-orienticism says that Tradition is infereior to Quran with respect to validity and Manbaee’at. Method(s): the present research is based on a descriptive-exploratory method. Thus , for deduction of the Quranic data, the writer has analyzed the content of the Quran. Conclusion : The followers of Quraniyoon movement are in favor of the first ideology while the Akhbaris supports the second one. Allameh Tabatabaee and Shatebi are among the followers of the third ideology. The writer of this article has attemped to address the fourth one. Based on Double-orienticism ideology tradition wit respect to validity and Mabaee’t possses independence. Manuscript profile