Science

Open Access Article

1 - Systematic analysis risk taking effects on innovations in science & technology Park of Pardis
amin nedaei omidali kharazmi

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence risk and systematic review of the effectiveness of risk in promoting innovation and current assessment of risk in science and technology park. The population consisted of 105 experts from the park and More

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence risk and systematic review of the effectiveness of risk in promoting innovation and current assessment of risk in science and technology park. The population consisted of 105 experts from the park and the 68 experts were selected through random sampling. The method analytical, first national-local system of innovation has been examined and described, then, participation and its formation procedure has been examined, through the next step, key causes effecting participation are extracted. After that, according to key causes affecting participation and their effects on city innovation, conceptual research model in a systematic way is presented. During the next phase, the conceptual model is evaluated by quantitive and qualitive study in the Pardis Science and Technology. The results show a variety of causes affect citizens participation, likewise these causes by reinforcing involvement. Influence innovation characteristics in cities and pave the way in providing dynamic atmosphere and creative to develop innovation in cities. Moreover, it was shown that their will not enhance the innovation significantly and barriers reinforcing participation in society shield be identified and revealed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analysis of the factors influencing the growth and sustainability of Knowledge based firms in Iran
Mohammadsadegh Khayatian habibollah tataiyan mahdi elyasi

The Knowledge based firms are driving the Knoledge based economy. These firms involve in synergy of science and wealth, developing of Knoledge based economy, achiving of scientific goals, economics and commercialization of the research and development in the field of hi More

The Knowledge based firms are driving the Knoledge based economy. These firms involve in synergy of science and wealth, developing of Knoledge based economy, achiving of scientific goals, economics and commercialization of the research and development in the field of high technologies. However, due to inherent risks and specific characteristics, the continued growth and stability is one of the challenges for the success of these firms. This paper aims to identify factors in the growth and sustainability Knowledge based firms in Iran. In this context, a qualitative approach was used to explore and identify factors affecting the growth and stability of the Knowledge based firms. In terms of conducting research, structured interviews were used. Statistical Population is the firms that stay in science and technology parks and incubators skins. Statistical sample is 30 managers of successful firms in science and technology parks and incubators, which is an objective judgment sampling method was used. Research findings suggest that in selected cases, the most important factors that influence the growth and sustainability of the Knowledge based firms are: the properties of the fundamental, company profile, company key idea , human resources, market and competition, organization, infrastructure, financing and environmental factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigation of the Relationship among factors affecting Science Development, Technology Development and Economic Growth in Iran using System Dynamics
Hooman Shababi mahmood yahyazadehfar saeid rasekhi meysam shirkhodaei

Knowledge-Based services and high-tech industries contributions in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countris are increasing, since these contributions are reaching about 40 percent in countries such as USA. Entrance of Knowledge and technology elements in production func More

Knowledge-Based services and high-tech industries contributions in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countris are increasing, since these contributions are reaching about 40 percent in countries such as USA. Entrance of Knowledge and technology elements in production function means an enormous increase in returns and ignorance from the daily importance of technology in economic growth and development will lead to a gap between developed and poor countries, exponentially. The present research reviewed the related literature of the three fields of science development, technology development and economic growth and their relationships thoroughly, and found 14 cofactors that affect the three fields and their relationships. Using experts' suggestions (13 Iranian experts which resides in Iran and abroad), the cofactors were applied in system dynamics approach in Vensim software to test the relationship and dynamics of the three fields in Iran in four different scenarios and in a 10-year period. The results showed that the three fields are interact with eachother in a complex, interwined structure in Iran and political- economic convergence is the key factor in this relationship. The results will be useful for policymakers of the three fields in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Policy pattern ‌ of Park ‌ Science and technology and company ‌ Knowledge base
mahboobeh karimi tararani fatah sharifzadeh mir ali davood hosseinpour

The pattern of science and technology parks like any government line should be carefully designed to lead to the development of innovation. Innovation always plays a crucial role in the economic and social development of countries, which is considered as the main source More

The pattern of science and technology parks like any government line should be carefully designed to lead to the development of innovation. Innovation always plays a crucial role in the economic and social development of countries, which is considered as the main source of economic growth, improvement of production, the basis for competition and promotion of the level of prosperity. To provide a policy template Park park Science and technology and company Knowledge based on qualitative research method was used in this study. The statistical community includes an exploratory interview with experts (politics Programmers Rizan and managers associated with the field of science and technology parks and company directors Knowledge base). In this research, using qualitative data collection methods and interviewing experts about the current status of the information gathered, then using open source and software coding methods max qda The research pattern was summarized and presented. The result of the research is to identify the dimensions of the external, organizational, institutional, external organizational network that influences the science and technology parks policy and knowledge base companies. Based on the aggregation of experts' opinions, it is suggested that the subject of this research be investigated and compared in other organizational environments (large or small organizations) or in different industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Iran's Cognitive Science and Technology Foresight, Using Scenario Planning Approach
habibollah tataeian alimorteza birang alinaghi khrazi amir nazemi

In the near future cognitive science along with nano, bio and information technology (known as NBIC), can lead to a turning point and start a golden age by improving human's mental and physical performance. Based on this, in this research, by exploring foresight activit More

In the near future cognitive science along with nano, bio and information technology (known as NBIC), can lead to a turning point and start a golden age by improving human's mental and physical performance. Based on this, in this research, by exploring foresight activities of other countries as well as indentifying the effective drivers of the future of cognitive science and technology, we are going to develope the future scenarios of the field in Iran in 2020 horizon. We use two methods inorder to identify the drivers: literature review and interviews with experts. Then, using a delphi survey the future uncertainties has been explored. Thus, the 4 scenarios which depict the future of cognitive science and technologies has been presented by using the 2 dimensional space resulting from the explored below uncertainties: the convergence and divergence of stakeholders and the engineering the mind approach against empowering the mind approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Analysis of employment status of graduates of the social sciences: "Case study: graduates of Kashan University of Sciences
Fatemeh Mansourian Ravandi

The issue of employment of graduates in recent years in Iran is considered as one of the economic, social and cultural challenges and is among the most important threats to security and national and human development. In the meantime, the social sciences, while expandin More

The issue of employment of graduates in recent years in Iran is considered as one of the economic, social and cultural challenges and is among the most important threats to security and national and human development. In the meantime, the social sciences, while expanding at night and night universities, have higher unemployment rates than other disciplines. Therefore, the present study aimed at identifying the fields of employment and unemployment of graduates of this field, studied 12 of these graduates using a deep interview and a thorough analysis of the findings of these interviews. The findings reveal the discovery of interpretive codes of educational, political, managerial, individual, and socio-cultural backgrounds, which, while creating the unemployment scene of the graduates of this field, were also related to the functioning of the educational system. Negative assessments of the employment status of higher education graduates indicate that there is a lack of appropriate structural planning for linking the economic situation and the courses offered at universities, and the graduates have emphasized the need for the establishment of regular communication methods between higher education and the labor market. . Also, the findings of a quantitative research project that is ongoing at the same time - this research has surveyed 335 graduates from the years of 2007-2013 in a stratified sampling method - these findings And finally, the attraction of graduates of universities and higher education institutions of the country in the labor market depends on the abilities and characteristics that part of them should be created during the period of studies, therefore, it is expected to review As well as reforms in various educational dimensions, including goals, educational programs, curriculum content and TED practices, linked to job needs to be done by the University. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigating the Relationship between Conflict Styles of Managers and Organizational Entrepreneurship of Neyshabour University of Medical Sciences
azade taghavirad

Our age is a time of change and, given that organizations are sub-systems of the system of society and are affected by these changes, it is necessary to keep pace with these environmental changes, create a suitable environment suitable for the emergence of new ideas and More

Our age is a time of change and, given that organizations are sub-systems of the system of society and are affected by these changes, it is necessary to keep pace with these environmental changes, create a suitable environment suitable for the emergence of new ideas and entrepreneurship. In organizations. Entrepreneurship can be considered as one of the most important growth and development engines. It is natural that the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between managerial conflict management styles and organizational entrepreneurship among the staff of Neishabour University of Medical Sciences, In this cross-sectional study, information was gathered using two standard and valid questionnaires of Managing Conflict and Organizational Entrepreneurship Margaret Hill, a statistical society consisting of two groups of administrative administrators (60) and administrative staff (3000) Sampling from Morgan's table 52 executives and 341 employees from the employees under the supervision of managers were gathered. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software to analyze the data. Results show that there is a significant relationship between conflict management styles and organizational entrepreneurship, there is a significant difference between the dimensions of organizational entrepreneurship of the staff and the demographic characteristics (gender, age, degree of education and work experience). There is a significant difference between conflict styles and demographic characteristics (gender, age, and degree). This study suggests that in order to increase organizational entrepreneurship, employees should use less coercion styles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Assessing Qualitative Dimensions of Virtual Education at UI, Iran
Asefeh Asemi

The purpose of this study was to assessing quality dimensions of the virtual education (v-education) between Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) students and determine the difference between virtual students and presence students at the University of Isfah More

The purpose of this study was to assessing quality dimensions of the virtual education (v-education) between Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) students and determine the difference between virtual students and presence students at the University of Isfahan (UI). These quality dimensions are included Instructor-Learner, Learner-Learner, Learner-Content, Learner-Interface, Instructional Strategies, and Social Presence. Research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population included all the MLIS students (40 virtual MLIS students and 35 presence MLIS students). The five-degree Likert scale researcher-made questionnaire was used to gathering data and its pattern was Hathaway questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire approved by experienced teachers. In order to determine the reliability it was used Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.93) for presence education and (0.97) for virtual education. To analyze data, it was used SPSS software and descriptive statistics frequency, percentage, mean, central and dispersion indices, schedule, chart and suitable statistics methods like statistics tests and correlation coefficients. Findings showed that there is difference between the MLIS virtual students and MLIS presence courses at UI in different quality dimensions. Also not significant difference was found in surveyed variables between the two communities except Instructor-Learner and Learner-Interface. Findings showed that in UI, the virtual senior students LIS in different quality dimensions with 3.07 more than average and the presence senior LIS students in different quality dimensions with 3.38 is more than average. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Role of Science and Technology Parks In Commercialization of Research Findings
حمیدرضا آراسته hosseinali jahed

One of the possible ways for cooperation between government, university and industry that seriously persuaded and used is establishment of science and technology parks and incubators. Likewise, in Iran, ministries and respective organizations have started widespread act More

One of the possible ways for cooperation between government, university and industry that seriously persuaded and used is establishment of science and technology parks and incubators. Likewise, in Iran, ministries and respective organizations have started widespread activities for accession of universities and academicians in this trilateral cooperation through development of science and technology parks and incubators. In this article, the importance of structure and activities of science and technology parks and incubators is reviewed. Then, their roles in transferring universities and institutes’ research findings to society’s manufacturing and services sectors for promoting university position in research contracts, increasing the spirit of objectivity and considering society’s needs are discussed Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Change of Academic Regulation and Systems, the Necessity for Improvement of Iranian National Technology and Industries Relation Development

For years Iranian thinkers and managers try to improve the relation between universities and industries to use the scientific results of academics centers in national technology development. Some years ago after changing the name “Culture and advanced education ministry More

For years Iranian thinkers and managers try to improve the relation between universities and industries to use the scientific results of academics centers in national technology development. Some years ago after changing the name “Culture and advanced education ministry” to “ministry of Science, research and Technology” the ministry tried to have important roles on national technology and knowledge based development. Though much trying, there is needed to essential planning and organizing works to lead the ministry to have beneficial output for the goals of technology development which is in constitution. To reach to the goals which coming in the constitution it is needed some rectification and modification in organization structure, rules and process of execution. In other hand there are some science and technology organizations parallel to each other with more budget and low responsibility in the government. So grinding and dispersion of research possibilities is one of the barriers to technology development in Iran. This paper notices to the Change of academic regulation and systems as a necessity for improvement of industries relation and national technology development for country. Improvement of technological universities instruction systems is one of the other items emphasized in this paper for national technology development Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Science and technology problem in future

Scientific results about Foresighting show that the most change in this field are due to development of science and technology. We also can see that the recent problems such as leakages of water, air pollution and traffic are because of upgrading, science of technology More

Scientific results about Foresighting show that the most change in this field are due to development of science and technology. We also can see that the recent problems such as leakages of water, air pollution and traffic are because of upgrading, science of technology too Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Effect of 1% Law in Industry- University Relation Development
hossein salaramoli

In this report, our review of work carried out to evaluate and analyze the parliamentary act defines as law of 1%, which has played a critical role in Iranian S&T development during last three years. This act has been legally confirmed by Islamic Parliament since 2007 More

In this report, our review of work carried out to evaluate and analyze the parliamentary act defines as law of 1%, which has played a critical role in Iranian S&T development during last three years. This act has been legally confirmed by Islamic Parliament since 2007 in annual budget plan and this confirmation repeated three successive years with small changes. The main job was in practice since 2008, based on this rule more than 530 governmental companies, institutes and banks should increase their S&T investment up to one percent of their annual operational income. In general, during years 2007 to 2010, more than 9762 research priority introduced by these companies and 5247 research projects have been signed. The total amount of these projects was about 8300 B Rls ($830 M). Also in this work, the opportunities and challenges have been reviewed and few comments recommended for annual budget of 2011- 2012 (1390). Manuscript profile

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13 - Explaining the strategic position of Pardis Technology Park in the development of the country's knowledge-based economy
Yasin Saeidi Rasoul Rajaei

Science and technology parks, as an organization with the aim of increasing wealth in society, are managed by professionals to move the flow of knowledge and technology between universities, research and development institutes, private companies and the market. Through More

Science and technology parks, as an organization with the aim of increasing wealth in society, are managed by professionals to move the flow of knowledge and technology between universities, research and development institutes, private companies and the market. Through growth centers, these parks strengthen innovative organizations and facilitate reproductive processes, and act as an environment in which independent research units, affiliated with organizations and industries, are integrated and covered to support creativity and innovation. To pay. The ultimate mission of these parks is to reconcile the results of academic research with the needs of industry in order to fill the gap between industry and academia, and this will ultimately lead to the commercialization of knowledge. Therefore, due to these functions, the formation and development of many emerging technological phenomena occur from within these parks, and governments try to provide working conditions for small and medium-sized companies and attract international technology-based companies by creating a suitable environment. In Iran, in recent years, these parks have expanded significantly and in a situation where the country is facing unilateral sanctions, they have been able to play an effective role in the use of indigenous knowledge and technology. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to address the importance and main functions of science and technology parks in the world as well as in Iran. In the following, considering the role of Pardis Technology Park as the largest and most important technology park in the country in the development of knowledge-based economy and also its strategic position in the innovation ecosystem, has been studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Discoursive Function of Sentence Form in Tarikh-e Beyhaqi
لیلا سید قاسم حمیده نوح‌پیشه

“Form” of a sentence is one of its syntactical features that is frequently used in eloquence and discourse analysis of literary and non-literary text. This significance is caused by this fact that “form” is the chart and scheme of communicational aspect (interactional/ More

“Form” of a sentence is one of its syntactical features that is frequently used in eloquence and discourse analysis of literary and non-literary text. This significance is caused by this fact that “form” is the chart and scheme of communicational aspect (interactional/ interpersonal) in literature and clarifies the rate of certainty of author’s view and his/her relation with audience. Due to this, the form of sentence is one of most important subjects which will be discussed under the sections of predicate and composition. From 80th century in west that ideological and discourse analysis of literary (and non-literary) texts are paid due attention, modern critics emphasized that literature is non-personal and objective. They focused on the interactional function of language and considered form, the most important element in interactional function of language, worth investigating. We reviewed the condition of form of sentence in Tarikh-e Beyhaqi in limited and special manner (focusing on Zin and Saljuq/ Selçuk). Tarikh-e Beyhaqi is an artistic history that its author has a deliberate intention in keeping the mutual relation with his audience. In other hand, he had used the element of “Conversation” more than contemporary novelists. Due to this, the different forms of sentences have high frequency in his works. One can propose ideological and discourse analysis analyzing their qualities. Manuscript profile

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15 - Dignity of Science in Islamic World and its Reflection in Persian Literature
مهدي محقق

Due to its intrinsic dignity, science has been taken seriously in Islamic world; it has been presented attractive, pleasant and instructive apophthegms about its Value and respect, and dignity of scientists. Partly, these excellent apophthegm found their ways in to mind More

Due to its intrinsic dignity, science has been taken seriously in Islamic world; it has been presented attractive, pleasant and instructive apophthegms about its Value and respect, and dignity of scientists. Partly, these excellent apophthegm found their ways in to minds and speeches of literary scientists and sophisticated literary men and thereby beautiful verses and words in deference to seience and scientists created. This short essay addresses Islamic faith and beliefs of science dignity reflections in Persian literature. Manuscript profile

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16 - A Study on new Epistemology Mysticism
حسن شاهی‌پور

This essay deals with the new epistemology theories in three sections titled “mysticism and science”, “mysticism and logic” and “mysticism and religion. In the mysticism and science sectoin, the issue discuseed is that new epistemology on mysticism well as the new relig More

This essay deals with the new epistemology theories in three sections titled “mysticism and science”, “mysticism and logic” and “mysticism and religion. In the mysticism and science sectoin, the issue discuseed is that new epistemology on mysticism well as the new religion epistemology is developed through new science epistemology. Some theses with content based classification are studied in this section, the theses upon the objectivity concept as the discussion principle provides a threatening perception or near wideninig conception or far widening conception. The mystic and logic section studies some other theses upon the relation between these two phenomenons in order to study the conceptual and non-conceptual aspects of mysticism. This section ends with putting forward the logic, non-logic and ultra logic dimensions of the experience. In this section, the relations between religion and mysticism and also two conceptions from religion, namely the religion and empirical tradition, is put between the two theses for accepting and rejecting the tie between them along with third theses, mystic experience being ultra religion, reveals the scattering of the thesis in this regard. Totally, three types of thesis can be identified about the mysticism, science and logic and religion. The theses which believe in mystic being non-logic and non-religious. The proving theses which believe in being logic and religious of this type of experience and the clashing theses which regard it as ultra science, ultra logic and ultra religion. Undoubtedly, the third groups of theses reached by epistemology in the last stage of development are in line with mystic experience more. Manuscript profile

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17 - Historiographical & Ideological Approaches and Publicizing Indigenous Thought: Future of Western Political Thought in Iran

Most of the works on western political thought written in Iran, fall in an intermediary position between the two approaches of historiographical and ideological types. By historiography I mean an approach that, giving centrality to discussing elaborately the historical More

Most of the works on western political thought written in Iran, fall in an intermediary position between the two approaches of historiographical and ideological types. By historiography I mean an approach that, giving centrality to discussing elaborately the historical chronology of formation of a political thought, and biographies of the scholars in the field, neglects to analyze, criticize, and evaluate it. The second type of the works on western political thought is of ideological quality that giving centrality to a particular thought follows a biased approach to it. Such works try to promote an ideology regardless of the explanatory and analytical requirement for an argument. The present article, studying features and consequences of the two approaches in Iranian works on western political thought, attempts to show the necessity for studying it with the sociological approach to thought, whose comprehensive and deep look at a political thought helps to closely understand it in its historical, cultural, political, economical, ideological aspects, and above all, its reflective view. Since a reflective view gives especial importance to the understanding and the criticism resulting from background conditions, subjective nature of cognition, and identity- cultural structures, it can help us with getting rid of the circle of imitation and repetition, and publicizing indigenous thought, more than any other models. Manuscript profile

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18 - Language and Politics: Pragmatic and Strategic Aspects of Language in Imam Khomeini's Leadership in the Process of Islamic Revolution in Iran
seyedreza shakeri

Islamic revolution realized in Iran under the leadership of a religious leader. Although the leader was in exile but he had strong connections with his followers despite his deprivation of communication means. This issue in this paper is the basis of reviewing the relat More

Islamic revolution realized in Iran under the leadership of a religious leader. Although the leader was in exile but he had strong connections with his followers despite his deprivation of communication means. This issue in this paper is the basis of reviewing the relationship between language and politics; so the paper tries to explain pragmatic and strategic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's leadership in the process of Islamic revolution. In the field of study of relationship between language and politics, there are two general approaches: politics as theory and knowledge and politics as power and the realm of collective action to sustain or to change the current situation. This paper, by focusing on the second approach and by using the theories of language competence and language pragmatics in the realm of media and in mobilization of mass, will try to examine influential functions and pragmatic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's thoughts. The findings indicate that Imam Khomeini as a scholar in mystics, ethics and jurisprudence and by his own classification of Islamic sciences introduced the pragmatism as the core of those sciences and used the language along political and revolutionary actions. Mobilizing the mass, criticizing and opposing the current situation and inviting the people to realize the Islamic state are among Imam Khomeini's pragmatic aspects of leadership. Manuscript profile

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19 - Efficiency as the capacity of state: Political Approach to Efficiency
Mohammad kamalizadeh

In this article we seek to attribute that to evaluate the effectiveness of government and political system, With reference to structural-functional systems theory to the theoretical framework. The main question in this article, is seeking for reliable indicators for the More

In this article we seek to attribute that to evaluate the effectiveness of government and political system, With reference to structural-functional systems theory to the theoretical framework. The main question in this article, is seeking for reliable indicators for the effectiveness of government from the perspective of political science. To answer this question, efficient capacities in the form of six capacities there for any government, will be discussed. Six potential monopoly of the legitimate use of force, extraction, shaping national identity, regulatory identity, maintaining internal and redistributive cohesion, in this article has been studied as indexes of government effectiveness. In this paper, our perception of efficiency can be considered as duties or common authorities in addition to great symmetry with economic understanding and management of this concept, linked with the key concept of "power" in political science. In this concept of efficiency, has been considered to the actual position of governments in countries and communities today, with an emphasis on the duties, powers and abilities as well as their expectations. This notion of efficiency, the closest and most functional conception of the concept of efficiency in political science which can be a reliable basis and theoretical framework for research on the effectiveness of the government. Manuscript profile

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20 - Using the Fuzzy cognitive maps in the field of regional studies
احمد دوست محمدي

Few decades have passed since the birth of regional studies as sub-field of political science and international relations, but the dominance of international relations approaches on scientific literature and research method of this scientific field in inevitable. The ev More

Few decades have passed since the birth of regional studies as sub-field of political science and international relations, but the dominance of international relations approaches on scientific literature and research method of this scientific field in inevitable. The evolution procedure of regional studies field showed that doing research in this field may require research in history, political science, sociology, economics, geopolitics and many of other scientific tendencies that can be referred based on the case. This subject shows the difficulty of research in regional studies field. This paper is determined to introduce the Fuzzy cognitive maps as a method with capability of application in regional studies field, so this method can meet the researcher’s needs in the field of study of subjects without any background before, or entitled as a vague phenomenon. The advantage of this method firstly is the ability of recognizing the elements of vague phenomenon and helping to understanding the relations among them and secondly the derivation of the agreed point from various views about that phenomenon Manuscript profile

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21 - Anxiety and Political Action (Case Study: The Boy Students of Law and Political Science Faculty, University of Tehran)
Aliapshraf Nazari Hanif Amoozadeh Mahdiraji

The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their log More

The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their logical thinking. Some psychological factors such as anxiety (As an effective factor inside humans) could make people`s behaviors in their lifecycle. therefore, human`s political believes will also be affected by these motivators. In paper, this issue has recognized that anxiety has a dual effect on different levels of political behaviors. In one aspect, increase in anxiety will make direct effect on political behavior, and on the other hand, if anxiety breaks its red line, it will have decreasing effect on political behavior of society by motivating defensive mechanisms, and as a result society isolation and surveillance will appear. By using proper tools, defensive mechanisms could be controlled and political behavior of the society will turn back to its equilibrium point. Finally a dynamic system model has been described for this purpose. Manuscript profile

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22 - Government, university and industry collaborations
fatollah ommi mohammadreza salimi

The challenge of the relationship between academia and industry is an issue that experts and academics and industry officials have been addressing more and more in recent years and are looking for safe and planned solutions and ways to strengthen this relationship. The More

The challenge of the relationship between academia and industry is an issue that experts and academics and industry officials have been addressing more and more in recent years and are looking for safe and planned solutions and ways to strengthen this relationship. The relationship between industry and academia has been discussed in the country for several decades, and the first statements of the Supreme Leader in this regard date back to 1990, but what is certain is that there has been no effective relationship between science, academia and industry; Today, more than ever, the structure of science, technology and industry in the country needs to be reviewed and interacted as much as possible, and industry stakeholders must accept the fact that, along with the university, they will be able to fully absorb technology.This is part of His Holiness's statement in a group meeting of university professors, elites and researchers: "We have talked a lot about 'beneficial science'; "That is, the science that solves the problems of the country; the solution of the problems of the country is a beneficial science, that is, it is a scientific confrontation with the various problems that exist in the country." At first glance, perhaps the biggest problem in the communication space between industry, society and academia is the technical issue, but upon entering this space, it is seen that this is not the case in practice, and it seems that lack of information, lack of trust and lack of motivation are the three main pillars. ; Too often, our industry and society are unaware of the capacity and potential of knowledge-based companies, academic companies, and faculty members.In the current era, universities and entrepreneurs have a greater mission and social responsibility in the face of economic development, productivity in production and the creation of sustainable income, and a connection with industry and production. These basic problems led to the presentation of research in this area to be able to be effective in removing existing barriers. One of the most important challenges in the relationship between industry and the university is the academic level of Iran's first-ranked universities, which is at the level of international knowledge, while Iran's industry is at the level of developing countries. Be Manuscript profile

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23 - comparative research taught adam the names in interpretation of Allameh Jafari and allameh tabatabai

Based on interpretations, something that leds the human to the highest position between creations, and puts him in the position of Caliph of Allah and the prostration of angles, depends on the same teaching of names. So, meditation and contemplation in this issue, is a More

Based on interpretations, something that leds the human to the highest position between creations, and puts him in the position of Caliph of Allah and the prostration of angles, depends on the same teaching of names. So, meditation and contemplation in this issue, is a big step in the formation of personality and cultural infrastructure of human. This study, known as comparative research taught adam the names in interpretation of Quran of Allama Tabatabai and interpretation of Masnavi of Allameh Jafari, tried to fill the common and specific to each of the scholars Rabbani in this matter. Apart from common methods of scientific, intellectual, religious and knowledge, something that be considered as specific approach to each of these scholars Rabbani In interpreting the Quranic themes, is the interpretation of Quran to Quran commentary of Allameh Tabatabai and enter the field of psychological, anthropological and sociological, of Allameh Jafari. Including common views on the subject of these interpretations is the purpose of names here is the objective facts of the universe and the objects outside that included the intelligent creatures and purpose of the issue of teaching names is that God discovered and revealed the truth to people. Special comments of Allameh Tabatabai on this issue is that the names mentioned, and with their squash were organisms with life, science and unobtrusive behind a veil and God taught the people (Part of) the unseen of the heavens and the earth and Allameh Jafari also believes that the science of human has all the facts of the created world not the world that spirit is documented in it. Manuscript profile

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24 - precedence of science on Mulla Sadra
sayed mohmmad mousavi

Always great philosophers have tried to find superior knowledge. These efforts have led to the emergence of ideas and the school has been aimed at human perfection and happiness. In this article we have tried to rely More

Always great philosophers have tried to find superior knowledge. These efforts have led to the emergence of ideas and the school has been aimed at human perfection and happiness. In this article we have tried to rely on Mulla Sadra as the founder of Transcendental Philosophy, as well as special attention to former philosophers and their diverse views, By study the venerable science standards from the perspective of each of their preceding trends, and considering the limitations of rationalism as philosophers, Imitative the words of theologians, no proof of mysticism, limitations and drawbacks of other scientists feel and experience that each of them has arrived, has raised its final Finally, Mulla Sadra believes that the knowledge can be superior to other knowledge, heart and intuition that can combine with reason and argument and confirmed by the revelation and tradition, Puts a human face and it is not possible except through transcendental philosophy. Manuscript profile

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25 - Molla Mehdi Naraqi initiatives concerning the divine knowledge

It is beyond a shadow of a doubt that the issue of Devine knowledge is one of the most important and complicated issues in Islamic theology and philosophy. Islamic theologians and philosophers have engaged in various aspects of this issue, including how to prove and qua More

It is beyond a shadow of a doubt that the issue of Devine knowledge is one of the most important and complicated issues in Islamic theology and philosophy. Islamic theologians and philosophers have engaged in various aspects of this issue, including how to prove and quality of that, and present different arguments. Mulla Mahdī Narāqī was one of the great figures who has discussed regarding two above-mentioned aspects of Devine knowledge and innovated new ideas. The quality and argument in favor of Devine knowledge in the view of Narāgī, are the main questions which this paper concentrate on. Analyzing several books of Narāgī, such as Jami' al-Afkār wa Nāqid al-Anzār, we came to following conclusions: First: The correct aspect of proving omniscience upon the "Any unphysical entity is thinker of itself" rule would be that any unphysical entity which stands on its essence has the capacity of perception and thinking. But actuality of thinking is subordinated to actuality of the most powerful interest between thinker and which has been thought, and that would exactly be the presence of its essence in its essence, that is knowledge by presence. Second: for the quality of omniscience, the best view would be that to make the presence of god's essence in its essence the criterion of God's detailed knowledge to all entities, even before as after creation. It is the total presence and all discovering for all entities, in their inclusion and causality. The presence of God in its essence is more powerful than the presence of entities to God. Manuscript profile

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26 - The role of the Quran on Science of the theology in the method

Each science has the method or means by which it achieves its goals, There are some sciences of a single method, like philosophy, and some are some other methods. The Science of the theology, which is responsible for explaining religious doctrines and answers to doubts, More

Each science has the method or means by which it achieves its goals, There are some sciences of a single method, like philosophy, and some are some other methods. The Science of the theology, which is responsible for explaining religious doctrines and answers to doubts, Various views have been presented on the one or more methods of theology of theology from different theological religions, For example, the Ahl al-Hadith selected the narrative method and the Mu'tazilites chose the rational method. But referring to the Qur'an shows that to explain religious teachings, we must use different methods. The author in this article will show that must use the science of the theology of all possible methods, example: narrative iIcludes Quran and Traditions, rational includes reason and even definitive philosophical principles, experimental and sensory, intuitive. This claim is in contradiction to the claims of some who regard the science of the theology as certain metaphors as quoted and experimental Manuscript profile

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27 - Epistemological Fundaments of Monotheistic Pedagogy (Possibility, Resources and Restraints)
Mohammad Reza Shahroodi Majid Salehi Mohammad Safehian

The God has been claimed as the goal of the universe trend in verses of Holy Quran like: “Indeed your lord is retaining.” (Alaq-8) and “Surely to Allah all things return.” (Shawra-53). And obviously, a movement without any Goal, Knowledge and Recognition, will never gui More

The God has been claimed as the goal of the universe trend in verses of Holy Quran like: “Indeed your lord is retaining.” (Alaq-8) and “Surely to Allah all things return.” (Shawra-53). And obviously, a movement without any Goal, Knowledge and Recognition, will never guide human to final destination. Thus, the evolutionary Movement of human, through monotheistic pedagogy system, has to be wisely and thinkfully for the human to achieve some levels of the good life, promised in holy Quran. Surely this movement has its own especial interpretation and analysis, generated from divine worldview that defers from epistemological fundaments of secular pedagogy such as experimental positivism, revelation-free Darwinism and humanism. Present paper studied the most critical epistemological fundaments of monotheistic pedagogy (consisting possibility, resources and restraints), through a descriptive analysis procedure, based on Holy Quran verses. According to result of this study, since human has unlimited epistemic and scientific capabilities from Holy Quran point of view, thus, possibility of attaining knowledge is certain for him. Unlike western Philosophy schools, Quran has recognized various tools and resources such as senses, wisdom, intuition, revelation and inspiration for the human to attain various types of knowledge. Within the pedagogical system of this Holy book, beside the determination of knowledge restraints, establishment of a monotheistic pedagogy comprehensive system and escort of human towards a good life is depended the on consideration of all epistemological tools, regarding to their levels. The most crucial result of this discussion is certain science attainment, and deep knowledge, considering its major role in realization of right knowledge. Manuscript profile

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28 - Comparative study of proscription and approval through kalami approach
Masih Mahmoodi sogh hormoz asadikohbad siyamak baharloei

Proscription and approval are two precedent approaches among the Muslim petitioners and clergymen. Approval originates from Sunni principles while proscription has a root in Shiite ones. Since two tribes of shiite and Sunnite have had disputes on the issue of the caliph More

Proscription and approval are two precedent approaches among the Muslim petitioners and clergymen. Approval originates from Sunni principles while proscription has a root in Shiite ones. Since two tribes of shiite and Sunnite have had disputes on the issue of the caliphate of prophet this kind of above -mentioned issues caused a distinction between their approaches more and more. The studies done by researchers in academic centers and religeous schools are often descriptive and merely illustrative. A deep and precide look at both the issue of proscription and approval of kalami functional challenges of these views was the main reason for the study. In this research, in addition to descriping and explaining both categories. The kalami errors of these views are reviewed by examining the comprehensiveness or deficiency of religion from the perspective of approval and also the problem of excommunication and its relation with the proscription has been examined. Bisides the contrast and paradox of the tow approaches, equality and unity of the content of tow views and some of the positive and constructive aspects of the thought of approval have been other findings from the researcher. Manuscript profile

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29 - explaining the problem of mind ( ghost theory) and its analysis
Amir Yaghoobi hossein Yazdi

The category of the mental mode of existence (mental knowledge of the external world and its quality ) is one of the concepts in Islamic philosophy that plays a significant role in terms of realizing and enlightening the science .Fakhr-e-Razi was The first fig More

The category of the mental mode of existence (mental knowledge of the external world and its quality ) is one of the concepts in Islamic philosophy that plays a significant role in terms of realizing and enlightening the science .Fakhr-e-Razi was The first figure who postulated the concept of the mental mode of existence in the realm of philosophy since he devoted the sixth unit in the first chapter-"on Existence"-to this concept in his book titled Mabahith al-mashriqiyya fi, ilm al- ilahiyyat wa – l-tabi iyyat(Eastern Studies in Metaphysics and Physics)under the argument "On proving the existence of the mental mode of existence". The aforementioned chapter is followed by an argument expounding that it is only the image and the image of an external entity can be reflected in the mind ( this theory is known as the Ghost Theory ), a theory, which is not explored in Islamic philosophy .This research with descriptive - analytical method , while explaining the problem of mental existence and Ghost theory , analyzes some of the criticisms on this theory : the arguments against the theory of the Ghost which claim to be in the end to the fallacy and another criticism that in the recognition of things should be called mental phantoms. Manuscript profile

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30 - Analysis of the Theological Principles of the Authority of Absolute Suspicion in the Science of the Principles of Jurisprudence
hormoz asadikohbad

The issue of the theological principles of the authority of absolute suspicion ‎in the Occultation is one of the practical issues with a significant role in ijtihad and inference of rulings and has been and is as a battle of opinion among the Usulis, and since this issu More

The issue of the theological principles of the authority of absolute suspicion ‎in the Occultation is one of the practical issues with a significant role in ijtihad and inference of rulings and has been and is as a battle of opinion among the Usulis, and since this issue is the boundary between theology and the principles of jurisprudence, necessitated that the theological foundations of this issue be examined in the principles of jurisprudence in order to strengthen the authority of absolute suspicion; Therefore, the current paper aims at investigating the authority of absolute suspicion in the science of the principles of jurisprudence. This is a descriptive-analytical paper. The findings indicate the unconditional authority of absolute suspicion‎, especially when the Ummah is deprived of the presence of the Infallible Imam. Manuscript profile

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31 - Investigating the role of university-industry cooperation in the development of countries with a look at global policies and trade
masoud shafiee hajar safaheih

Scientific, industrial, economic and social growth and development has always been considered as the most important concern of policy makers in all societies and in the present era, achieving this development is one of the major goals of any country. One of the most wel More

Scientific, industrial, economic and social growth and development has always been considered as the most important concern of policy makers in all societies and in the present era, achieving this development is one of the major goals of any country. One of the most well-known factors influencing societies in achieving promotion and development is the bilateral cooperation between universities and industries, so that without a proper link between these institutions, the desired development of a society far from imaginable will be. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of this type of cooperation in the development of countries and also to identify and compare the policies, strategies and global experiences of a number of leading countries such as the United States, Britain, Japan and Turkey in this regard. This research was conducted using the library method and content analysis approach, and at the end, solutions for fruitful models to promote university-industry cooperation in the country are presented. Manuscript profile

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32 - Progress in Biological Sciences in Iran: A Comparative Study
seyed Mahdi Seyedi Maryam AmiriRad hassan ebrahimzadeh maboud Laila Alibiglou

Today, the biological sciences are one the most important parts of the basic sciences. This explains why most industrial countries are heavily investing in it. In the USA, more than half of all federal government support in science is allocated to the biological science More

Today, the biological sciences are one the most important parts of the basic sciences. This explains why most industrial countries are heavily investing in it. In the USA, more than half of all federal government support in science is allocated to the biological sciences. In the EU, more than 22 million people are employed in professions relating to the biological sciences. In Iran, Science and Technology Initiatives consider basic sciences as one of the important parts of science and most universities educate students in the biological sciences. In addition, some incubators and science parks are devoted to biological sciences. To evaluate the research in biological sciences in Iran, we compared the quantity, quality, international cooperation, and the cooperation between academia and industry with Asian and global universities. To do this, we used Leiden ranking results in two time frames, namely 2008-2011 and 2012-2015. The results demonstrate that Iran stands at a relatively good point based on the number of publications. However, greater efforts are necessary to avoid falling behind in terms of rank. Additionally, this study shows that the quality of publications requires significant improvements. Furthermore, international cooperation of universities should be expanded. Poor industrial cooperation between university and industry is mainly due to the lack of related industries. In conclusion, a detailed plan should be developed to ensure leadership in biological sciences and achieve scientific authority in the field Manuscript profile

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33 - A Review of the Rules and Regulations of Science and Technology and Relationship to Innovation
Mohammad reza Ata pour Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan

In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations and laws related to science, technology and innovation ( More

In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations and laws related to science, technology and innovation (STI). In the literature, especially according to some economists such as Schumpeter, it is proven that laws and regulations could have the positive and negative impact on the development of technology and innovation. The literature review has shown that there are three views to achieve a comprehensive legislation in the field of STI. The classification categories are OECD’s rules, technological and non-technological laws and the prevention of failures rules. In addition, in this research, science and technology rules and laws as "lows on science and technology" in other countries are also examined. As a result, the proposed framework is introduced to show the different dimensions considered to achieve comprehensive science, technology and innovation law. Finally, according to this research, there are some proposed factors such as institutional modifications and innovations, determination of important science and technology branches, comprehensive view about these regulating and concept of STI, and attention to dynamics of laws and rules, that decision makers should consider to achieving comprehensive regulations. Manuscript profile

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34 - The Role of Science and Technology Corridors in Knowledge-based Economy Development
Mahmod Sheykh Zeynaddin Hasan KIhakbaz Leyla Khodabandeh Mehdi Keshmiri

Today, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift from capital economy to knowledge-based economy to achieve sustainable development. The Science and Technology Corridor (STC) as an infrastructure for the development of knowledge-based economy aims to provide an attra More

Today, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift from capital economy to knowledge-based economy to achieve sustainable development. The Science and Technology Corridor (STC) as an infrastructure for the development of knowledge-based economy aims to provide an attractive environment for investors, firms, corporations, and knowledge-based institutions and citizens by creating incentives for the industry to move towards new technologies and high value-added businesses. These corridors are actually special areas which include various components such as universities and higher education institutions, research centers, science and technology parks, knowledge-based in different industries. Their main purpose is to form a technology cluster. In addition, high value-added services are provided by these corridors. The outputs of these areas will facilitate the process of innovation and convert knowledge into wealth. This paper elaborates the properties of knowledge-based economy, defining STCs and explaining Malaysia's Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) as a successful experience. Malaysia's MSC is a cluster of ICT companies, and its main purpose is to encourage innovation and development of new technologies by the companies. In addition, the potential of the Isfahan as a first experience in Iran for STC establishment and its capability to change the geography and the local economy of the Isfahan from an industrial region into a knowledge-based region will be explained. Manuscript profile

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35 - Introduce and Using the Approach of Positive Deviance in Identifying Potentials for Performance Improvement of the Tenants of Yazd Science and Technology Park
Mohammad Saleh Oliua Ali Haji Gholam Sayazdi Abbas Zareu Benadkoki Shahram Shokohi Daruosh Pourserahian

In Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. More

In Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. In this research, Positive Deviants (Problem Solving Technique identified in 1990) has been used to achieve the main factors of prosperity of such bold tenants and try in recognizing solutions for distributing them to others. This research has been done in Information and Communication Incubators of Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). By four essential and methodological phases, “Define”, “Determine”, “Discover”, and “Design”, Implemented solutions and behaviors of prosperous tenants to overcome difficulties and enhance developments have been recognized. Besides, using the technique “House of Quality” some findings and solutions (by changes in key processes of YSTP) is suggested to generalize the research results to other tenants. Finally, some recommendations have been added to this study. Manuscript profile

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36 - Analyzing and Designing a Proper Structure for Iran’s Science and Technology Parks
Saeed Shadan Daruosh Pourseragian Ramin Zareu

Organizational structure as an operational context for organization’s plans and strategies clarifies the relationship among employees or executives. Along with changing in the other components of transformation, organizations must consider changing their organizational More

Organizational structure as an operational context for organization’s plans and strategies clarifies the relationship among employees or executives. Along with changing in the other components of transformation, organizations must consider changing their organizational structure. Iran’s Science and Technology Parks as centers for promopting innovation in a local and national society also need a structure appropriate to their mission, goals, tasks and fundamental activities. In this article, we review structure notion and its structural and content aspects and introduce Science and Technology Parks as developmental mechanisms. In order to achieve a proper structure for Iran’s Science and Technology Parks, we studied the Parks’ fundamental activities in their mission and goals statements and conduct a comparative study of the structure of 12 Science and Technology Parks of pioneer countries accompanied with acquiring the viewpoints of managers and experts of Science and Technology Parks. Then a conceptual model of organizational structure of Science and Technology Parks based on comparative studies and literature review in organizational structure and considering the challenge with current structure of Parks was developed. In the end, by interviewing managers and some of Iran’s Science and Technology Parks experts, the proper structure is presented and necessary suggestions to managers and future researchers are explained. Manuscript profile

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37 - Performance Evaluation of Iranian Science Parks Based on Presence of the Science Park in the Region
Fatemeh Ramezani Hassanali Aghajani Abdolhamid Safaei Ghadikalaei

Science parks (SPs) are organizations bringing research and industry. Their aim is to promote culture of innovation of their associated businesses and knowledge-based institution. Given the increasing number of SPs that are being set out both in highly industrialized as More

Science parks (SPs) are organizations bringing research and industry. Their aim is to promote culture of innovation of their associated businesses and knowledge-based institution. Given the increasing number of SPs that are being set out both in highly industrialized as well as developing countries, the problem of measuring the performance of science parks is becoming paramount both in practiontoners and academicians agenda. The present work is aimed at evaluating Iranian SPs that are members of IASP based on criteria the repercussion of the science park in the territory. Performance criteria that used are networking, convention and collaboration stipulated between science park lab’s and local firms, new products and processes adopted by local firms and developed by the collaboration with the science park, number of firms born by the collaboration with the science park within re-industrializations programmes of abandoned industrial areas, number of workers employed in firms originated from the collaboration with science park and number of environmental improvement carried out in collaboration with science park’s lab. In This study these criteria are localized based on Iranian SPs circumstances. FAHP is applied to determine the relative weights of the evaluation criteria and FTOPSIS is applied to rank the alternatives. Science parks’ rank order of performance in these criteria is as follows: Isfahan STP> Fars STP> Khorasan STP> University of Tehran STP> Arac STP> Persian Gulf STP> Pardis STP> East Azarbaijan STP> Yazd STP> Guilan STP> Kerman STP> Hamedan STP> Kermanshah STP. Manuscript profile

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38 - Knowledge Management as a Model for Managing Knowledge-Based Firms in Science & Technology Park
Zinat Eizadian Bizhan Abdollahi Valimorad Kiani

Success in organizations is based on knowledge management, both the physical and financial resources. The new realities of business world are knowledge-based companies and organizations applying creativity and innovation. Science parks are important strategy to support More

Success in organizations is based on knowledge management, both the physical and financial resources. The new realities of business world are knowledge-based companies and organizations applying creativity and innovation. Science parks are important strategy to support knowledge-based firms. After constructing companies it is very important how to manage them. So the organization task is to provide favorable condition for knowledge management. Nowadays the challenge is how managers develop employee's minds in knowledge based organizations. Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. It refers to a multi-disciplined approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. Institutionalization of knowledge management in science parks lead to improvement of their performance. Knowledge plays an important role in activating employees and organization. Gradually physical and financial capitals are replaced with intellectual capitals. The study suggests science parks managers should use new and suitable knowledge management models to improve their competitive advantage in order to mange knowledge and intellectual capitals to maintain sustainability in area of industry and society. Manuscript profile

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39 - Effects of the Knowledge-Based Economy on the Science and Technology Corridors
Rohollah Shahnazi Homa Mouazen Neumatollah Akbari

knowledge-based economy based on acquisition, production, distribution and utilization of knowledge in all economic activities. In this economy the need for innovative companies are very obvious because these companies are the main source of wealth and employment in the More

knowledge-based economy based on acquisition, production, distribution and utilization of knowledge in all economic activities. In this economy the need for innovative companies are very obvious because these companies are the main source of wealth and employment in the knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based economy is the current need for all countries in the world. In this regard, one of the strategies for a successful experience of developed countries based on knowledge-based economy has led to the formation and development of the science and technology corridors. Science and technology corridor is the coordinated and coherent set of universities, science and technology parks, research centers and in a geographic region with a centralized management structure and the particular legal for knowledge based products and services. In this paper, the requirements for the formation of the science and technology corridors will be discussed. The main components of science and technology corridors are: national innovation system, science and technology parks, universities and research centers, venture capital and entrepreneurship, human capital, special infrastructure, market, high technology firms and proximity to urban areas. As long as the country does not acquire these requirements, access to science and technology corridor and the knowledge economy would be impossible. Manuscript profile

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40 - Investigation Effects of Science and Technology Park on Economic Development
Ramezanali Shourmij Mahsa Asadi

Different researches have emphasized the role of science and Technology Parks in regional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific and technological town on local economic development. The paradigm of this research is quantitative a More

Different researches have emphasized the role of science and Technology Parks in regional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific and technological town on local economic development. The paradigm of this research is quantitative and our objective is practical implemented by correlation method. Statistical population of survey contains all companies in Isfahan STP and 75 companies were estimated as the sample size using Cochran formula and the samples were selected randomly. The main tool of research was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and reliability of research confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85). The results showed that the most important the effect of STP on local economic development is the development of marketing services and improving economic situation of the company, the increased level of service is another effect. The exploratory factor analysis was utilized in the classification of effects and the results showed that five factors are accounted for 58/37%of features and the effects of STP. These effects include the production-market (31/02%), capital investments (7/49%), service (7/29%), education-counseling (7/11%), and communication (5/35%). Manuscript profile

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41 - Ranking of Effective Factors on Promoting Innovation Companies in Incubators, Using Fuzzy Topsis Technique; Case Study: Yazd Science and Technology Park
Seyed Habibollah Mirghafori Hosein Sayadi Toranloo Maryam Kariminia

In modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore More

In modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore the aim of this research is to identify and rank effective factors improving innovation in companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). In order to identify effective indexes on improving innovation, update articles have been studied and experts' ideas in the field of technology were used from which thirty seven indexes were confirmed by experts. After designing questioners out of available indexes and content and face validity confirmation by experts, questioners were distributed among the managers and staffs of companies in YSTP. 200 questioners were corrected completely and achieved data were analyzed by Fuzzy Topsis Technique. Based on this, thirty seven indexes in questioners were ranked in terms of their importance regarding given responses by companies' managers and staffs. Earning knowledge and new information and accessibility of advanced technologies were identified as the most important effective factors in improving innovation in companies in YSTP incubators. Manuscript profile

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42 - Achieving Performance Measurement Framework for Science and Technology Parks
Saeed Shadan

performance measurement system has a critical role in organizations, since the system can demonstrate how much an organization achieves its objectives and specifies the areas that need improvement and consequently managers can make necessary reformation programs to impr More

performance measurement system has a critical role in organizations, since the system can demonstrate how much an organization achieves its objectives and specifies the areas that need improvement and consequently managers can make necessary reformation programs to improve their organizational performance. Science and Technology Parks as structures which follow promotion and innovation locally as well as nationally are also deprived of a standardized method to measure their success or failure; a specific and formal performance measurement method that is based on a specific analyzing framework and able to evaluate the performance of Science and Technology Parks. Extracting science and technology parks’ characteristics and the performance measurement systems from literature, we offer a performance measurement framework contained six components including identity and legal structure of Park; main stakeholders’ expectations; expectations from stakeholders; managers’ commitment and proficiency; interactions with universities, research institutions and industries; and finally Park’s real mission and strategies. The latter is the reflection of other components producing performance measures. This framework can be utilized to evaluate the performance of Iran’s as well other Science and Technology Parks outside. Manuscript profile

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43 - Commercialization in Innovation Management and Introduce Major Commercialization Models for High Tech Industries
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra Kalanhaei

Today, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exp More

Today, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exploitation. The decision of the “right” time to exploit opportunities is an important one in creating a successful business. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and it’s an inevitable phase of idea to the market journey for every products. Commercialization is an attempt to profit from innovation by incorporating new technologies into products, processes, and services and selling them in the marketplace. For many new technologies, commercialization implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. Commercialization strategies indicate different ways of exploitation of researches and technologies that researchers and start-up companies need them for transferring knowledge from concept to the market. On the other hand, decisions to commercialize new technology are closely linked to characteristics of the innovation system in which the firm operates. Choosing a proper Commercialization strategy and also a model is one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. In this article, we define commercialization process and the importance of this issue. Then we introduce some models and strategies used for technology commercialization. Manuscript profile

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44 - Site Selection of Science and Technology Clusters by AHP Method and Using GIS (Case Study: Yazd Science and Technology Cluster)
Hosein Rahimi Masoud Niksirat

The establishment of each urban element in the specific location of the city follows special principles that if these principles to be considered well, will lead to the success and functional efficiency of that element in that specific location. In this context, the sel More

The establishment of each urban element in the specific location of the city follows special principles that if these principles to be considered well, will lead to the success and functional efficiency of that element in that specific location. In this context, the selection of a suitable location for the establishment of science and technology cluster as one of the urban distinctive elements has significant importance since those contain scientific, industrial, manufacturing, laboratory, research facilities, infrastructure and communication environments, institutions, individuals, and information based on creativity and innovation. Therefore, the present study was conducted aimed to find the most suitable location for the establishment of Yazd science and technology cluster. For this purpose after the study of global experiences and regulations and upstream documentation the requirements and necessities Clusters Site Selection were identified. Then, the effective parameters in two levels of main indicators and sub-indicators according to the Analytical Hierarchy Process Model were classified. Then, receiving information according to the experts, managers and professionals ideas analyzed by the Super Decision software and weight of the indicators was determined. In the next step, the satellite image of study area was prepared and using GIS, attempted for preparation of data layers based on requirements that come from the results of questionnaire and interviews. To achieve the final map that is obtained by overlaying weighted maps, first the importance of data layers in terms of distance has been determined and then using layers overlap method, Suitable location for the establishment of Yazd Science and Technology cluster has been proposed. Manuscript profile

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45 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators with a Global Perspective
Majid Soleymani

Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reach More

Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reaching the country's development objectives, the role of universities and research centers in establishing social institutions and foundations which are in deal with such centers, is highly effective. Comprehensive and expanded protection of policymakers and officials from science and technology development centers and parks in addition to adopting new managing methods, would lay the necessary grounds for achieving the associated objectives. It is obvious that filling the existing gap between universities and other sectors such as industry, agriculture, health, etc, As well as transfer of knowledge and technology through such centers would be facilitated. That is, the science and technology parks accelerate the economic knowledge-based growth and development. Science and technology parks as research and development units can solve lots of existing problems and improve the situation and condition. With a glance to some of the units' activities it can be grasped that they have not been fully utilized yet. From many important factors, the lack of sound resource and facilitates distribution based on priorities, and lack of required decision adoption by innovation and technology policy makers and planners, different communication, law, and regulation problems lead to lack of suitable utilization. One of the patterns which presented for solving such a problem is the utilization of intermediary organizations and institutions in the cycle of the research to the market which could be realigned through establishing science and technology parks. Science and technology parks play essential role in creating and developing technology institution and professional research centers. Farther more, such R&D units would facilitate the aggregation and technical cooperation with its complimentary units such as engineering services companies, engineering and designing institutes, and professional research centers. Also, it provides suitable connection for funding and addressing the groups adjusted with R&D activities. This article by mentioning the establishment and characteristics of Iranian science and technology parks, explains the general situation of such centers are explained based on geographical conditions and establishing bodies as well as the numerous of center categorized based on dependence type and their different activities and international organization. Manuscript profile

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46 - Evaluation of the Success Rate of Technology Units Located in Science and Technology Parks and Incubators
Alireza Motmany Mohammad Hoseinabadi Amin Hemmati

Knowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business e More

Knowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business environment. A successful factor for these companies can be their involvement in science and technology parks and incubators. These parks and incubators can be considered as key infrastructures providing legal and commercial supports for these companies for leading them to success. This study aims at determining the success rate of knowledge-based firms located in science and technology parks or incubators. It also targets eliciting the correlation between the success of these companies and their number of employees. The correlation between their success and the time period during which these companies are residing at parks or incubators will also be investigated. The study will be based on a questionnaire survey on the statistical population of science and technology parks in Iran in 2010. The data collected from the current 758 tenants has been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the success rate of target companies was 68%. The chi-square test shows that the rates of success are not equal in different science and technology parks. The average numbers of workers in successful and unsuccessful tenants have been 5 and 2.8 respectively. The analysis of variance also shows the average numbers of workers are not equal in different science and technology parks. By using the chi-square test, the relationship between the number of employees and success is significant; and by increasing the number of workers, the rate of success in tenants has increased. The average duration of time within which tenants have been residing at parks or incubators has been 22 months. The chi-square test confirmed a significant relationship between their duration of stay and the success rate. Manuscript profile

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47 - The Optimization of Queueing System for Obtaining the Initial and Final Permission for STPs and Incubators Office
Mahdi Yosefi Nezhad Atarry Ensiyeh Neyshaboory

One of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behavio More

One of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behaviour recognition, identification of the distributions and the parameters, simulation, and at the end presenting an appropriate solution that fulfills the desired goals to determine the optimum capacity. One of the problems of our country is that because of long queues and input rate to servers, the processes of administrative activities take a long time to complete. In this paper the process of obtaining the principled and decisive permitions from the Ministry of the sciences, research and technology to establish a science and technology park or an incubator (that takes a relatively long time) is being surveyed and analyzed. After analyzing and reviewing the different scenarios of assigning employees to the proper cases, we concluded that the assigment of 3 experts for principled cases and 5 experts for decisive cases results in lower average waiting time of the customers in queue (wq) and the average number of people in queue (Lq) in comparison to the two other alternatives under the study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - SWOT table for science and technology parks to choose the best strategy using fuzzy ANP
Mahdi Yosefi Nezhad Atarry Ensiyeh Neyshaboory

Organizations have always taken of internal and external factors and are trying to influence their strategies based on these factors must be designed and implemented. Since science and technology parks and incubators as the interface between universities and industry ar More

Organizations have always taken of internal and external factors and are trying to influence their strategies based on these factors must be designed and implemented. Since science and technology parks and incubators as the interface between universities and industry are often Major role in the development of science and economics play in their countries. Most parks and incubators as governmental science and technology under the government are therefore, these centers can be used as an interface between government, universities and industry to act. The status of science and technology parks and incubators in Iran is much the same way. One of the tools which help organizations to develop these strategies using a SWOT table. Using this table, the strengths and weaknesses in the areas of internal factors, threats and opportunities in different areas of external factors and strategies to be formulated. The best strategy for the design of these strategies should be selected. Achieving For best strategy, first strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities are determined. Then seven strategies for attaining goals in science and technology parks are chosen. This paper is the use of efficient tools for multi-criteria decision making, network analysis phase of the process to select the best strategy. Finally, the various strategies discussed and comparative tables, strategy development agreement between the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, and Health industries and banks, supporting professionals was selected as the best strategy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Identification and prioritization of critical success factor of Khorasan Razavis Science and Technology Park
Arman Bahari Behnush Mody Noormohammad Yaughobi Seyed Hasan Alamolhodaei

science and technology parks , as one of the effective structures in development of technology and as a consequence, development of knowledge-based economy and professional employment has been considered by many countries. The goal of many of these new structures, is o More

science and technology parks , as one of the effective structures in development of technology and as a consequence, development of knowledge-based economy and professional employment has been considered by many countries. The goal of many of these new structures, is organizing an active environment for creation or development of technology chains for research product-orientation , developing fields as result of group work and supporting purposeful activities of researchers, innovators and companies working in selected fields of technology. On the other hand, each organization , in order to achieve its goals, requires factors which must necessarily provide them. In fact for each organization, there are fields of activity which must perform them in the best way , in order to achieve its defined goals. These factors, which are called critical success factors in management literature, are inseparable components of organization success in achieving goals. Science and technology parks, similar to other organizations or institutes, need to provide these factors in order to achieve their goals. The purpose of this research is to identify these factors for science and technology parks of khorasan razavi and specify their relative priority from experts point of view who are familiar with topics related to scientific parks. For this purpose, after interviewing with experts in this park, 48 factors were identified and categorized in 4 groups. In the next step, these factors were compared by experts and after analyzing the results, their priority in each group as well as their overall ranking was presented by using Friedman test which is as following: supporting factors of knowledge-based institutions in order to produce technology, human resource factors, factors related to development of technology s Infrastructure , factors related to development of centers related to technology . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Recognition and evaluation the critical success factors in Iran Science and Technology Parks in the point of views of some experts
Seyed reza Salami Behnush Mody Mehrdad Shafiei

Science and Technology Park as a part of national innovation system and a segment of knowledge based economic development, by providing necessary conditions for marketing researches and by trading the results of the researches, play an effective role in accelerating the More

Science and Technology Park as a part of national innovation system and a segment of knowledge based economic development, by providing necessary conditions for marketing researches and by trading the results of the researches, play an effective role in accelerating the procedure of transforming the ideas into the products and in developing the technology. For reaching these purposes a science and technology park _just like any other organizations_ necessarily must have some characteristics without which it cannot have an effective function based on requirements and targets. These characteristics are the main elements of a Science and Technology Park in a way that lack of any of them can bar the path of success. In fact these elements are the fundamental parts (unrepeatable ones) that they should have been reached as inductor purposes in order to reach the main purposes. In management literature, these factors are called “critical success factors". In this research after examining the theoretical resources, the critical success factors of science and Technology Park mentioned in twenty eight factors set in four groups consist of: local factors, indicative factors, management factors and social and cultural factors, and then these factors evaluate by experts in mutual comparisons. The results indicate that among these four groups, the management factors are the most important ones and among those reached factors the following are considered to be the most significant factors: having strategy, purposes and definite planes, dominance of managers on discussions about science and technology parks, the existence of political atmosphere for supporting the park and its purposes, defining formal criteria for reception and attendance, evaluating and controlling the activities of resident firms in the park. Manuscript profile

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51 - An Investigation of Effective Individual and Behavioral Characteristics of New Technology-Based Firms' Managers
Gholamreza Malekzadeh Azadeh Kiyani nejad

In the paper effective individual and behavioral characteristics of the new technology based firms' managers in a supportive environment such as Science and Technology Parkas and Technology Incubators are investigated and based on the results of the research, effective More

In the paper effective individual and behavioral characteristics of the new technology based firms' managers in a supportive environment such as Science and Technology Parkas and Technology Incubators are investigated and based on the results of the research, effective individual and behavioral characteristics for success of these managers and also their companies are presented. Also, in this study, researchers have tried to determine effective characteristics and indicators which are used in selecting and appointing the managers of such firms, and therefore improve the process of managers' selection. Sample firms are located in Khorasan Science and Technology Park (KSTP) which is one of the new supportive environments in the country. For this study, among the multiple personality characteristics and features, six individual and behavioral indicators were selected and highlighted which include: 1) confidence, 2) leadership abilities, 3) creativity and innovation, 4) participation and devolution, 5) human relationship skills and 6) internal control. Selection of these individual and behavioral indicators and characteristics are based on the results of the other researches and studies. After determining these characteristics through the review of literature, an evaluation questionnaire was designed and distributed to sample firms' managers and necessary information was obtained. By analyzing these results, the effective indicators and characteristics for success of managers were identified. The results shows that the first and sixth hypotheses of the research hypotheses are correct, i.e. confidence and internal controls are most effective indicators for success of these firms' managers. This research has not considered Employees' satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Determining and Ordering Influent Knowledge Management Success Factors in Science and Technology Parks
Nasibeh Salary Daroush Pouserajian Mohammad Saleh Oliua shahram shokohi

This study aims to determine and prioritize effective KM success factors. The first step is to implement KM in STPs. As regards the major goal of science and technology parks is assisting the growth of society wealth through developing knowledge based innovations and in More

This study aims to determine and prioritize effective KM success factors. The first step is to implement KM in STPs. As regards the major goal of science and technology parks is assisting the growth of society wealth through developing knowledge based innovations and intensifying competition among knowledge-based institutions. Assessing knowledge management in science and technology parks will be considered as a substantial tool for creation, development, sharing and linking knowledge to technology. So based on literature studies and experts ideas 31 sub-factors were organized in 7 categories as follows: labor, strategy, supervisor, assessment, culture, operation and information technology. In fact these categories are effective KM success factors which have been weighed and prioritized by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The order of effective KM success factors in terms of importance are labor, strategy, supervision, culture, operation, assessment and information technology. Two sub factors with highest influence on KM have been selected among numerous numbers of factors. Finally this model is applied for evaluating nine incubators in Yazd science and technology park. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - A Comparison between Science and Technology Policy Institutes in Iran and Vision 2025 Region Countries
Mostafa Taghavi Yaser Khoshneviss

Nowadays, science and technology policy think tanks have an important role in design, analysis and evaluation of science and technology policies. These institutes have key impacts on the facilitating and improvement of science and technology development programs in many More

Nowadays, science and technology policy think tanks have an important role in design, analysis and evaluation of science and technology policies. These institutes have key impacts on the facilitating and improvement of science and technology development programs in many countries. In this paper, we introduce three instances of science and technology policy institutes in our country and three other instances of these institutes in the vision 2025 region countries and then, compare their features and activities. The results can be utilized in design, establishment and development of science and technology policy think tanks in Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Technology Transfer Using The Brain Circulation Model In Science And Technology Parks
Korush Khosravi Morteza Rasti barzaki hamid Mahdavi

The brain drain is substituted by brain circulation in the globalization process and social networking. The brain drain can be an opportunity by using the human knowledge in development. So it is not necessary to settle elite in national region with regards to brain cir More

The brain drain is substituted by brain circulation in the globalization process and social networking. The brain drain can be an opportunity by using the human knowledge in development. So it is not necessary to settle elite in national region with regards to brain circulation model. The technology transfer occurs by going on the other region and acquiring the knowledge.Isfahan Science and Technology Town provides the preliminary communications with the Iranian scientists. The consequence is development of several high technology companies. In this paper, we describe the activity carried out in this regard with the expression of the case studies after a preliminary expression in brain circulation model and introducing the ISTT plan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Evaluation of the Role of Culture and Social Capital in Science and Technology Development System of Iran
Ali Forghani Ashkan Hagh bin

The cultural-social factors are among the key infrastructures for technology development. Social capitals are very important in this regard, but in our country neither valuable researches have been done nor have suitable indices been complied in this respect. Self confi More

The cultural-social factors are among the key infrastructures for technology development. Social capitals are very important in this regard, but in our country neither valuable researches have been done nor have suitable indices been complied in this respect. Self confidence, self sufficiency, the culture of entrepreneurship and innovation, the desire for superiority and the importance giving to science and technology (as a superiority factor), teamwork, work conscience, are among the key criteria in this field that can be pointed out. The aim of this research is to explain the cultural and social indices effective on science and technology development, and to evaluate generally these factors in terms of the available data in Iran. For this aim, based on literature review of knowledge and technology management approaches, their evaluation models and special focus on cognitive dimension of tacit knowledge, cultural and social capital factors that have impact on development of creation; transfer and absorption of knowledge and technology are recognized. Then key factors are selected based on assessment criteria and status of these factors is analyzed in Iran. At last, some policy recommendations in order to strengthen these infrastructures towards developing S&T system are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Entrepreneurial University; Concepts, Backgrounds and How to Achieve
Bahman Facoor

Science systems in the world have been in transition for better responding to social and economic needs to knowledge and technology. Entrepreneurial university is a model for defining and describing a new and modified face for universities. The main impact of this model More

Science systems in the world have been in transition for better responding to social and economic needs to knowledge and technology. Entrepreneurial university is a model for defining and describing a new and modified face for universities. The main impact of this model is to extend the interaction between university and society. This article is to review the entrepreneurial university concepts and the backgrounds, as well as to reveal the factors that contribute in transferring of traditional universities to entrepreneurial universities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Policies and Programs for Development of Science and Technology in Todays China
Fereydoon Verdi nejad

There is a great and considerable distance between todays china and the past china. From the first of 1978 up to now, the promotion of economic reform, and sustainable open door policies, was the main movement of changes in the chinas economy structure. Based on the gov More

There is a great and considerable distance between todays china and the past china. From the first of 1978 up to now, the promotion of economic reform, and sustainable open door policies, was the main movement of changes in the chinas economy structure. Based on the government strategies, the Chinese economy had a good and controlled acceleration and improvement. After two decades of reform, in spite of important plans and policies in developing private sector, there is still some monopoly applied by the commonest party, and the education, Research and development plans still are under government control. China government has succeeded in absorbing huge amount of investment with the help of high technologies, foreign management, adjusting laws and regulations, applying incentive policies, using know-how and offering special facilities. From a pragmatic point of view, to achieve these goals in china, some projects and plans has been done such as special economic zones, developing science and technology parks and special training and research projects. In this paper we investigate the fact that how can we customize these experiences and ideas in economic development in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Determining Criteria and Indicators for Architecture Design of Iranian Science & Technology Parks; With a View to World Experiences
Saeed Samadi Mahdi Taherzadeh

Technology parks were formed in 1960s as social foundations and as a part of the chain in knowledge - based development. From 1980s, the policy-makers pointed out to a sustainable development based on the technology infrastructure. Development of technology parks was pr More

Technology parks were formed in 1960s as social foundations and as a part of the chain in knowledge - based development. From 1980s, the policy-makers pointed out to a sustainable development based on the technology infrastructure. Development of technology parks was promoted as part of this trend. As a result, there are currently more than 1500 STPs around the world. The development of STPs in Iran began since two decades ago and resulted in establishing a number of these parks. In some cases, challenges of allocating spaces, ambiguties in policies, poor funding, lack of rules and regulations, and bad strategic plannings have caused that some of theses parks are not successful in their goals and objectives. Sustainable master planning concepts for science & technology park sites prepares a way for sustainable design of research facilities. For the ultimate success research facility design it is critical that early master planning principles facilitate as many passive and sustainable techniques as possible. By using these techniques for science parks, the designers and science park managers will help to reduce costs, conserve resources, and reduce life cycle costs at the first stage, while providing a higher quality research environment. By reducing waste and planning for conservation of materials, the design team intends to improve the entire design and to build user processes. The outcomes show the reduction use of lands resources, and to reach a higher quality, more research productive facility and more money to devote to the core business of research. In this article, which is organized based on a descriptive analysis method, and an in-depth review on experiences from Australia and USA, we have attempted to analyse the master plan of those parks to evaluate the architecture considered to next figure out a proper trend relevant basis for development of STPs in Iran. In this view, essential factors such as scale, development process, accommodation and locality trend, space, are thoroughly assessed. Finally a case study was performed that investigates the master plan of KSTP from the point of view of regulations, specifications and key factors towards the success. Results obtained from this study can yield a framework for architecture and plan of STPs. It could also draw a bright outlook in the field to level the efficiency of STPs and draw a way toward the goals of policy- makers and STP managers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Performance Assessment of Incubators and Science Parks by Technology Level Index
MOrteza Rasti bozorgi hamid Mahdavi Ghasem Moslehi

Self assessment is an interesting subject for all managers, especially for the managers of incubators. The incubator performance assessment by indexes (IPAI) is a simple, interesting and effective method for measuring the performance index of an incubator. The system is More

Self assessment is an interesting subject for all managers, especially for the managers of incubators. The incubator performance assessment by indexes (IPAI) is a simple, interesting and effective method for measuring the performance index of an incubator. The system is based on changing the scope of performance of several indicators to fixed scales (metrics), weighing them and combining them. Strategic evaluation is basically consists of three basic activities which are investigating the principles of the companies or organizations strategies, comparing the ideal and real results and making improvements. This paper focuses on the second part to make sure that the performance adjusts correctly with the planning programs. This paper is going to introduce an index for measuring and assessing the level of technology improvement in Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTTs) Incubator and Science Park. It also addresses the methodology used for these calculations. Measuring the indicators for ISTTs incubator will be discussed at the final part of this paper as a case study. Manuscript profile

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60 - Science and Technology Roadmaps
Ronald Kostouf Mohammadreza Mirza amini Hamid Aliakbar zadeh

Science and technology (S&T) roadmaps are used in industry, government, and academia to portray the structural relationships among science, technology, and applications. Roadmaps are employed as decision aids to improve coordination of activities and resources in increa More

Science and technology (S&T) roadmaps are used in industry, government, and academia to portray the structural relationships among science, technology, and applications. Roadmaps are employed as decision aids to improve coordination of activities and resources in increasingly complex and uncertain environments. Specific uses of roadmaps include: S&T management including strategy, planning, executing, reviewing, and transitioning; S&T marketing; enhancing communications among researchers, technologists, product managers, suppliers, users, and other stakeholders; identifying gaps and opportunities in S&T programs; and identifying obstacles to rapid and low-cost product development. S&T managers also use roadmaps to help identify those S&T areas that have high potential promise, and to accelerate the transfer of the S&T to eventual products. However, there has been little attention paid to the practice of roadmapping in the published literature. This paper is a first attempt to bring some common definition to roadmapping practices and display the underlying unity of seemingly fragmented roadmap approaches. The paper begins with generic roadmap definitions, including a taxonomy of roadmaps that attempts to better classify and unify the broad spectrum of roadmap objectives and uses. Characteristics of retrospective and prospective roadmaps are then identified and analyzed, as well as summary characteristics of bibliometric-based S&T mapping techniques. The roadmap construction process, including fundamental principles for constructing high quality roadmaps, is presented in detail. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Incubator or Science and Technology Park? Public or Private?
Seyed jalal Mosavi bazargani

Institutional distances are mostly neglected while importing development means and tools into developing countries. This could be also observed in establishing Technology parks & Incubators in these countries. To fill the gap, Schumpeterian type I & II innovations has b More

Institutional distances are mostly neglected while importing development means and tools into developing countries. This could be also observed in establishing Technology parks & Incubators in these countries. To fill the gap, Schumpeterian type I & II innovations has been used to differentiate clients of S & T Parks from Incubators. Also a Typology of four different institutional setting, namely Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Deutsch & frenched has been proposed by means of which it is possible to bench and select among different funding & operating policies. Based on these classifications, It has been concluded that on the contrary with the current trend of establishing incubators in Iran, focus on Science & Technology Parks could be a more promising option. Difficulties in changing focus from Incubators to Parks is also discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Classification of Iranian Science and Technology Parks Based on the IT Facilities
Seyed Mahbod Tolaei Fataneh Taghi yareh

Today we are witnessing a fast movement from traditional economy towards knowledge- based digital economy as a result of breathtaking IT revolution. So science and technology parks, as one of the most important factors in economic growth and regional development, should More

Today we are witnessing a fast movement from traditional economy towards knowledge- based digital economy as a result of breathtaking IT revolution. So science and technology parks, as one of the most important factors in economic growth and regional development, should be frontier in using IT facilities to help their tenants compete with other companies. Furthermore, because of diversity of the science parks in form and function, the academic literature about their classification is sparse and most of the exiting taxonomies can not be applied to all countries science parks. In this paper, we are going to classify science parks based on the IT facilities they provide for their tenants, and then we will apply it on Iranian science parks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - The Role of Science & Technology Parks for Technology Development in the Industry of Iran
Farideh Poursoleymanian

Most developed countries have achieved knowledge- based economic development. This model of development must also be attained in Iran gradually, in the two decades to come. Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are one of the most important elements in the national innova More

Most developed countries have achieved knowledge- based economic development. This model of development must also be attained in Iran gradually, in the two decades to come. Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are one of the most important elements in the national innovation system (NIS). Thus there is high intention for establishing and extending STPs in our country according to the new development plans. In this article the role of science & technology parks for developing technology and improving productively will be discussed from theoretical aspect. Some of the most important approaches for commercialization of research results in the world wide also be reviewed. Then some activities of the ministry of energy for completing the cycle and commercialization of research results will be described as a case study. Finally some solutions for technology development will be suggested by enhancing the cooperation among the industries with science & technology parks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Iran Science Parks Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: Influences of New Technologies
Seyed Mahbod Tolaei Fataneh Taghi yareh Naser Mausomi

oday, we are experiencing rapid changes in the information technologies and these new technologies have caused dramatic changes in the economic structure. Most of the businesses are attached to no territory and they can fly and move from one place to another almost with More

oday, we are experiencing rapid changes in the information technologies and these new technologies have caused dramatic changes in the economic structure. Most of the businesses are attached to no territory and they can fly and move from one place to another almost without any constraints. Those huge bricks and mortar organizations are gradually replacing by clicks and mortar organizations which can fit their main assets in a small briefcase containing a laptop computer and a cell phone. In this paper, we have investigated the influences of these new technologies on the Iranian parks and explained the strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats they are facing with in the new economy. Manuscript profile

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65 - Determining the Priorities in Science Parks by Using Fuzzy DEMATEL Case Study of Sheikh-Bahai Science and Technology Park
mohammad ebrahim sadeghi asghat saud abadi saeed mirza mohammadi Mohammad reza mahdavi

10.7508/jstpi.2015.01.006

Science parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the develop More

Science parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the development of knowledge-based companies and identifying the key factors resulting in earning competitive advantages by located firms. After reviewing many researches in this field of study, key effective factors were identified and by using the experts, these factors were revised according to the circumstance of our country and placed in a proper framework. The framework consists of four aspects including: “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, “facilities” and “market development” and twelve factors. The framework applied in Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park and the results obtained showed that in this park, facilities aspect needs special attention. This aspect had the highest significance in quadruple aspects and was the only aspect affecting Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park. Other aspects such as, “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, and “market development” were effects of the aspects. The results of this research show that the development of knowledge based firms located in this park depends on facilities such as financial resources and primary physical infrastructure than human resource, research activities and marketing services. We suggest using this framework to find the aspects and factors influential the creation of competitive advantages and determining the action and planning priorities for other science and technology parks in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Economic impacts of Science and Technology Corridors on regional development, Case study: Silicon Valley
Rohollah Shahnazi Zahra Dehghan Shabani

10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.005

One of the strategies with successful experience for many developed countries, based on knowledge-based economy, is the formation and development of science and technology corridors. These areas have a positive impacts on the regional growth that the purpose of this pap More

One of the strategies with successful experience for many developed countries, based on knowledge-based economy, is the formation and development of science and technology corridors. These areas have a positive impacts on the regional growth that the purpose of this paper is to determine them. Also in this paper the effects of Silicon Valley, as the first and largest science and technology corridor in the world, on regional growth was evaluated. Theoretical results show the science and technology corridors have positive effects such as solve the problem of small and medium enterprises to improve competitiveness, increase innovation and improve technology, improve entrepreneurship and increase the venture capital. This results in Silicon Valley has been confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Identify and Clustering Challenges of knowledge-based Enterprises using ANN and BPMS Approaches; Case study: Yazd KBEs
Mojtaba GholiPour Mohammad Ali Vahdat Zad Mohammad Saleh Oliua Hasan Khademi Zareu

10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.006

Knowledge always is a powerful tool in stabilizing position of individual/community service to the public and excellence approach in current autonomous communities. Value of knowledge has been more necessary if it capable for transfer to the High-Tec and needed Technolo More

Knowledge always is a powerful tool in stabilizing position of individual/community service to the public and excellence approach in current autonomous communities. Value of knowledge has been more necessary if it capable for transfer to the High-Tec and needed Technologies of humanity societies. Knowledge Based Enterprise (KBE) is a real-law enterprise such as factory that transfer Knowledge to production/services. However KBEs are causing for sustainable knowledge economy and development native knowledge in more countries, but these enterprises havnt optimize occasion in view of quantity, production quality and service extensive according to the 20 years growth view of Iran. Purpose of this study is to identifying encounter challenges of KBEs that located on Yazds Science and Technology Park (STP) and clustering these challenges with ANN method exactly. The Samples contains 137 person such as manager and top employees of these enterprises. Number of reached challenges have been 59 that were attained from literature and experts guidelines were designed and distributed between samples suddenly. According to the PB artificial neural network, reliabilities of samples were confirmed with MSE=2.0332 and priority done with Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and with inspiration of Business Process Management System (BPMS) approach. According to the BPMS approach and MLP method, Result show that challenges did cluster in three factions known as: management activities, operational activities and support activities. Thus, number of management, operational and support activities in order were 27, 15 and 17 items exactly. Manuscript profile

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68 - The Role of Science and Technology Diplomacy in Solving Knowledge-based Firms Challenges
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzadeh Mahdi Hajari Hosein Eftekhari

10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.001

In recent years, traditional economy replaced with knowledge-based economy in which knowledge, innovation and technology are key determinants of economic growth and wealth creation for countries. Knowledge-based firms which have important role on GDP growth and added va More

In recent years, traditional economy replaced with knowledge-based economy in which knowledge, innovation and technology are key determinants of economic growth and wealth creation for countries. Knowledge-based firms which have important role on GDP growth and added value for countries are known as heart of knowledge-based economy. Therefore, solving Knowledge-based firms challenges become more important in decision and policy making. On the other side, science and technology diplomacy is an emerging form of international diplomacy for facing with challenges which science and technology have important role on them. Science and technology diplomacy means using of science and technology capacities to achieve foreign policy objectives and using of diplomacy capacities to advance science and technology. In this study, knowledge-based economy characteristics’ are reviewed, and then knowledge-based firms challenges in terms of innovation system, weak research and development, disproportionate human resource development, inappropriate economic and commercial environment and sanctions are introduced based on library research. Then, based on latent capacity of science and technology diplomacy, numbers of solutions are presented. Manuscript profile

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69 - Identify and Prioritize Science Parks and Technology Services Offered to Companies Active in the Field of Software Technologies
Saeed Shavalpour Sadegh HosseinZadeh Maleki Mehdi Ghafori Fard Mir Saman Pishvaee

10.7508/jstpi.2017.02.002

Formation of science and technology parks in Iran dates back to more than two decades. However, there are numerous challenges for the mission defined for them; parks cannot significantly give services to companies operating in the country's soft-technology. One of the c More

Formation of science and technology parks in Iran dates back to more than two decades. However, there are numerous challenges for the mission defined for them; parks cannot significantly give services to companies operating in the country's soft-technology. One of the challenges that science and technology parks in the country are facing is a certain criteria to determine optimum services provided for development of companies operating in the field of software technology. Hence, this research has been trying to examine the various models of science and technology parks global software as well as field study, the opinions of some activists inside the arena, proposals for boosting and developing science and technology and services parks aimed at expanding and upgrading small and medium-sized interpreneurship in the field of software technologies. The process of this study includes reviewing the resources as well as qualitative non-constructive interviews to collect information and also to wrap up the research method of fuzzy decision-making. The results of the present study suggests that basic services, such as low-interest loans, endangers promoting and developing companies, transfer of experience required for companies, including a market analysis and demographic characteristics of their needs for development and success of these companies Manuscript profile

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70 - The effect of software innovation on identity:A social approach according to technological and science rules.
Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh Nasrin AbSHahi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.01.004

In recent decades, it is defined that innovation rules have a determinant role in technological evolution process. According to dynamic relationships between rules and innovation, it seems necessary to have a comprehensive look on the technological processes analysis. A More

In recent decades, it is defined that innovation rules have a determinant role in technological evolution process. According to dynamic relationships between rules and innovation, it seems necessary to have a comprehensive look on the technological processes analysis. According to increasing of usage and the effect of technology on the society especially in organizations, it is important to do socio-cultural studies in technology and science area. This study has evaluated informational technology field sociologically, in order to consider the effect of a range of the software renovation of old processes on Esfahan telecommunication customer system in the identity component. This research based on Anthony Giddnes Sociology theories, has determined the survey method and questionnaire technique by using 222 people who were selected through stratified sampling method and specified the relations. All analysis in descriptive and inferential statistics were done by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results show that there are two meaningful straight relationships between the software renovation of old processes variable and the users values and theories variable (p<0.001) as well as the software renovation of old processes variable and the users basic trust variable (p<0.001). Also there are two other straight and meaningful relationships between the users values and theories variable and the users self-identity variable (p<0.02) as well as the users basic trust variable and the users self-identity variable (p<0.001). The users basic trust variable (β= 0.26, p<0.001) predicts the users self-identity variable. Manuscript profile

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71 - Identification and Priorities KBEs Challenges using ANN Method (Case study: Yazds KBEs)
Mojtaba GholiPour Mohammad Ali Vahdat Zad Mohammad Saleh Oliua Hasan Khademi Zareu

10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.003

The role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this dev More

The role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this development process. On the other hand, the conversion of knowledge into product and service will meet the needs of different communities. Knowledge-based companies are included as institutions that work as factories converting knowledge into product and service. Although, knowledge-based companies create sustainable knowledge-based economy and development of indigenous knowledge in many countries, but in accordance with the country's 20-year outlook and in terms of quality and quantity, they are not in ideal situation and are faced with challenges in their own development process. This research aims at identifying challenges facing knowledge-based companies located in Yazd's Science and Technology Park of Eghbal and prioritizing these challenges using Artificial Neural Network. The case study includes 137 managers and senior staff of these companies. Fifty nine challenges obtained from related literatures and experts’ opinions have been compiled in a questionnare and distributed among target population. One hundred and twenty eight collected questionnairs were validated by BP Artificial Neural Network and confirmed with MSE=2.0332 and challenges were prioritized with Artificial Neural Networks Radial Basis Function. The research proved that 19 of 59 challenges were priority among which economic problems of the country, industry and domestic markets recession and government’s unbalanced support policies can be pointed out. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - Impact of Science and Technology Parks Quality of the Service on Growth and Innovative Performance of Firms located in Parks; Case study: Pardis Technology Park
Mohsen Shafiei Nik Abadi Saeideh Ghochkanloo

10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.006

According to the global approach of knowledge base economy in most countries, the creation of organizations such as science and technology parks seems to be necessary considering to their influence on the development of science and technology. The main purpose of this s More

According to the global approach of knowledge base economy in most countries, the creation of organizations such as science and technology parks seems to be necessary considering to their influence on the development of science and technology. The main purpose of this study, is to evaluate the impact quality of the service provided by science and technology parks on growth and innovative performance of firms located in these parks. This research is an applied one which was conducted as a survey in Pardis Technology Park, as the biggest and most important science and technology park of the country, and with the help of more than 30 managers in active firms of this park. In this research, the Cronbach's alpha and Average Variance Extracted was used to measure reliability and validation. Also, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (First and Second stage), correlation test and path analysis was used for answering the questions. Innovation aspect of the study is a new look to the impact of service quality provided by science and technology parks on growth and innovative performance of independent firms located in these parks. Results indicates that the most important factor for these managers is the reliability of the clients to the park. Park staff empathy with clients is also less important factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Identifying and Ranking Key Factors of Success in Knowledge Management in Knowledge-Based Companies (Case Study: Science and Technology Park in Tehran University)
naser safaei fereshte thaleghani Ahmad Kiamanesh

10.7508/jstpi.2017.02.003

Today, knowledge- based companies as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries is responsible for explaining and modeling research and development processes and significantly contributes to diffusion innovation in industry. In fact, knowledge-based companie More

Today, knowledge- based companies as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries is responsible for explaining and modeling research and development processes and significantly contributes to diffusion innovation in industry. In fact, knowledge-based companies are considered important components of resistance economy and its realization. Its growth and development could bring in to resistance against economical invasions. Hence, identifying and ranking factors effecting implementation of knowledge management in such companies is research necessity which is discussed the current research. Now, there are 33 science and technology parks and over 2700 knowledge-based company in parks. Questionnaires are distributed among 70 knowledge-based companies in science and technology Park of Tehran University as the second superior park in country. In the current research, case study and field-data collection are used. Questionnaire is designed using Likert technique and it consists in 3 major factors, organization, human resource, and information technology, and 11 following criteria: objectives and perspectives, leadership, executives, application, software, infrastructure, organizational culture, financial and non-financial incentives, modeling and evaluating. Analyzing information, Cronbach's alpha 0.78 was obtained and using Freidman test and T-test. Among factors effecting successful implementation knowledge management, one can refer to objects and organizational respective as the most important factor and financial incentives as the lowest important factor. This conclusion is reasonable according to nature of knowledge –based companies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - The Role of Marketing in SMEs based in East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park
Hossein Abbasi Esfanjani Ommolbanin Asadi Ghorbani

10.7508/jstpi.2017.04.008

In many countries, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), especially enterprises in science and technology parks act as economic engine and marketing is an important activity in these businesses. But, understand marketing, functions, role and importance of it by man More

In many countries, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), especially enterprises in science and technology parks act as economic engine and marketing is an important activity in these businesses. But, understand marketing, functions, role and importance of it by managers / owners of these enterprises and also the questions raised barriers that must be answered to it. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the role of marketing in small and medium enterprises based in East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park has been done. To achieve the research objectives of qualitative approach and case study method was used. The study population consisted of managers / owners of enterprises based in East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park that is using purposive sampling method, 10 samples were selected. Initial data collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the inductive method was used. The results indicate that marketing as a set of activities and measures that are used in large companies, particularly in the studied companies were not understood. However, word of mouth marketing communication, understanding customer needs and having long-term interaction and relationship with the customer was the most important marketing activities and actions that had the most significant role in the growth and survival of them. Most interviewees focus on the daily execution of some tasks limited marketing and implementation of a comprehensive marketing plan for, the expertise and financial resources were not sufficient. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - A Study on the Role of Government in Improving the Process of Launch and Development of Knowledge-based Businesses
Najmeh Akbarzadeh Ehsan Shafiezadeh

In the “knowledge-based businesses” research field, few applied studies have been conducted. Meanwhile, by identifying the critical success factors in starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses, we can recognize necessary contexts for these targets and ta More

In the “knowledge-based businesses” research field, few applied studies have been conducted. Meanwhile, by identifying the critical success factors in starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses, we can recognize necessary contexts for these targets and take steps toward implementing it. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research is identifying and prioritizing the keyactivities to be carried out by government in order to improve the process of starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses. The method of this study in terms of purpose is applied research, and in terms of data gathering method is descriptive survey. The target population of current study included all knowledge-based corporations deployed in incubators and science & technology parks of universities in Tehran. To gathering required data for this research, the questionnaire has been used. Chi-squared test is used to data analysis, and Friedman’s analysis of variance is applied to ranking parameters. The results of this study revealed that improving the process of starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses is possible throughgovernment’s some key activities which “financial supports of government” is placed on top of them. Hence, it can be said that the government should start broad efforts in this regard, and this issue should be considered by relevant government authorities. At the end, the recommendations based on the research results are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Identification and Analysis of the Main Strategic Components Affecting the Failure of Knowledge-Based Companies in Iran (The Case Study: Technology and Science Park of Kermanshah City)
Donya Gholami Ali Ramezani

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.008

It is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies More

It is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies by supporting start-ups. Now, we are in a time that many of the start-up companies can grow and produce the Advanced Services and productions. But they have faced with a strategic challenge. This challenge is their problem about selling the products and Knowledge-based services. Indeed, the products and Knowledge-based services are faced with the problem of entry into the business. This research, tries to study the four factors that have the most influence in the failure of companies in sailing, exchanging, and Commercialization of their technologies. We discuss about these challenges and test them in a fieldwork. The results of our research show the reasons of their failure in business are the lack of government interference in facilitating the process of technology exchange, the lack of brand, distrust of industry and State organs and business to Knowledge-based products. Statistical Society is the active technology and science parks in Iran. This model was tested by the trivial squares minimum technique and Smart Plus software. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Solutions for the Development of Entrepreneurial University in the Field of Humanities and Social Sciences Based on a Multiple Case Study
mehdi goodarzi farzaneh khalouei

10.52547/jstpi.20670.15.59.63

One of the issues encountered by the Iranian Humanities and Social Sciences Society is the commercialization of knowledge and business creation in this field. As a result, the deprivation of business areas from the benefits and capacities of the humanities and social sc More

One of the issues encountered by the Iranian Humanities and Social Sciences Society is the commercialization of knowledge and business creation in this field. As a result, the deprivation of business areas from the benefits and capacities of the humanities and social sciences, the wasting of the country's capital, the unemployment of a large number of graduates, immigration and employment in irrelevant businesses are the main consequences of this issue. Therefore, this paper attempts by reviewing the literature on entrepreneurship, the supporting ecosystem of entrepreneurship and the study of two domestic and international universities, provide some solutions for developing university entrepreneurship in the field of humanities and social sciences. The results show that in comprehensive universities, firstly, engineering faculties and then social sciences, economics and management schools engage in entrepreneurship. However, other colleges are resisting entrepreneurship. Therefore, at a humanities university, the stimulation of all faculties for entrepreneurship innovatively, along with the pursuit of scientific and research tasks, should be carefully addressed and start with the colleges whose products and services are closer to the market. In addition, there is no universal framework for creating an academic entrepreneurship ecosystem. Thus, the officials of the universities in the field of humanities must be able to create a environment in which, while preserving the traditional values of education and research, put the commercialization capacity of creating entrepreneurial culture in the university at the center of attention of students and staff. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - Identify and Prioritize the Factors Affecting the Success of Knowledge-Based Industries
Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi Mahsa Hami

10.7508/jstpi.2018.04.008

One of the tools for knowledge management is the creation of knowledge-based companies that play a very important role in the countries’ economic development. In fact, a knowledge-based company is a private or cooperative company or institution whose purpose is to creat More

One of the tools for knowledge management is the creation of knowledge-based companies that play a very important role in the countries’ economic development. In fact, a knowledge-based company is a private or cooperative company or institution whose purpose is to create and expand the combination of science and wealth and the development of a knowledge-based economy, which result is the creation of wealth and the development of the economy through the expansion and application of invention and innovation through the commercialization of research and development activities. Given the importance and impact of knowledge-based industries in the current economy, this study will identify and prioritize factors affecting the success of these industries. In order to identify these factors, literature and current research were collected and written. Then, by distributing the questionnaire among the managers and experts of the companies present in the science and technology park of Guilan province, the most important factors were identified. In the next step, according to the obtained information, another questionnaire was developed that measured the criteria by using a pair comparison. DEMATEL method has been used to rank the identified factors, and due to the uncertainty in experts' opinions, evaluation is done in a fuzzy environment. As a result of the evaluation, it was found that environmental factors play the most important role in the growth and development of knowledge-based companies. Among the sub-criteria of environmental factors, government policies, tax exemptions and customs were identified as the most effective factors in the success of knowledge-based companies. Therefore, it is imperative that the senior decision makers provide incentives and regulations to create a suitable business environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Analyzing of the Necessary Factors for the Developing Science and Technology Pole in Qazvin Province
mehrnoosh mirzaei mohammad reza karbalaei rezaei maziar amirhosseini

10.7508/jstpi.2018.04.002

The Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change support More

The Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change supported by efficient and effective innovation systems. Creating a suitable environment for national and provincial innovation will allow companies and industries to grow, generate more profits, and create more employment. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analayze the necessary areas for regional development of science and technology in Qazvin province. For this purpose, using the field method, researchers and owners of knowledge based companies as a sample population. The questionnaires were completed and variables with Likert scale were evaluated and defined factors analized and prioritized for regional development of science and technology. The results of this study indicate that Qazvin province should have the necessary indicators to create the science and technology area. With the creation of a pole of science and technology, it is possible to take effective steps in developing the province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Prioritizing and Analyzing Effective Criteria on the Performance of Knowledge-based Organizations with knowledge management Approach (Case Study: Growth Centers and Science and Technology Parks in Tehran)
naser safaei Fatemeh Gholamian fereshte thaleghani

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.003

Today, the success of organizations is based on the strategic management of knowledge. Implementing knowledge management systems faces challenges that will cause the inefficiency of knowledge management in organizations. Hence, identification and rating the effective fa More

Today, the success of organizations is based on the strategic management of knowledge. Implementing knowledge management systems faces challenges that will cause the inefficiency of knowledge management in organizations. Hence, identification and rating the effective factors in the successful implementation of knowledge management is one of the essential requirements of knowledge management that was discussed in the current research. Currently, 7 science and technology parks and 1,400 knowledge-based companies in parks are located in Tehran. In the current research, companies located in growth centers and science and technology parks in Tehran were studied. Questionnaire was distributed among 140 knowledge-based companies that they returned 110 questionnaires. In the current research, case study methods and data collection in fieldwork were used. To measure the variables of the research, the instrument of questionnaire using the Likert method was utilized that includes three main factors of the organization, human resources and information technology and 11 criteria as follows: Objects and perspectives, leadership and strategy, knowledge management cycle, application, software, infrastructure, organizational culture and atmosphere, creating financial motivation, encouraging employee morale, benchmarking the best things and performance management. Reliability of the questionnaire, 0.78, was obtained using Cronbach's alpha. Friedman and one sample T-test and fitness of model were studied respectively using SPSS software and LISREL software. As a result, objects and perspectives of the organization can be considered as the most important criterion, and we can refer to the information technology software as the least important criterion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Determine Eligibility Criteria and Evaluate the Qualitative Dimension of Mentors in Knowledge Enterprises in Isfahan Province's Scientific and Research Community
Mahdieh mahdikhani Morteza rasti bozorki

10.52547/jstpi.20765.15.60.1

Today's organizations operate in a completely challengeable and complex environment. Moreover, they are constantly trying to adopt new approaches to the development, preservation and maintenance of human resources as the most important organizational capital in order to More

Today's organizations operate in a completely challengeable and complex environment. Moreover, they are constantly trying to adopt new approaches to the development, preservation and maintenance of human resources as the most important organizational capital in order to remain competitive. Mentoring is the art of facilitating the implementation of activities, the process of learning and personal development. In other words, mentoring can be defined as a technique which provides a new approach for organizations in order to conduct human resource in a conventional manner to attain the organization’s goal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mentoring approach and to evaluate the qualitative dimension of mentors in Isfahan Province's scientific and research community. For evaluating the mentors, at first, the protocols related to the assessment and prioritization of values were given to the mentors in order to define the most important factors based on their responses. Based on their opinions and the most significant factors, a questionnaire was developed and the approach was conducted in a sample of 20 manufacturing-service companies in Isfahan. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and also the SPSS was used to perform statistical tests. The obtained results prove that the mentors have generally performed at a moderate and good level in the framework of the mentoring approach. According to the single-group t-test, most of the defined factors are convenient in mentors’ performance evaluation in a negligible difference. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Designing and Implementing of Technology Companies Performance Evaluation Model (Case Study of Technology Companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park)
Ali Haji Gholam Saryazdi

10.52547/jstpi.20844.16.64.1

Science and technology parks are institutions supporting technology companies. The performance evaluation of technology companies will help them to improve their performance and make the park supportive services more effective and helpful. Performance evaluation is one More

Science and technology parks are institutions supporting technology companies. The performance evaluation of technology companies will help them to improve their performance and make the park supportive services more effective and helpful. Performance evaluation is one of the most important priorities of Yazd Science and Technology Park. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to design and explain a performance evaluation model of technology companies in this Park and analyze the results of its implementation. The evaluation model of Park is based on various performance evaluation models and theories, as well as through brainstorming with park managers and technology companies. This model evaluates the technology companies in four areas: nature of the company, structure and human resources, main idea and technology, and market. The evaluation process is designed according to both quantitative (documents and non-confrontational??) and qualitative (face to - face interviews) indicators. Then, based on this model, information of technology companies are collected and analyzed by an evaluation system. The results of evaluation showed that although the status of companies is far from the park's expectations and goals, it is acceptable in comparison with the community (province and the average of country) in terms of the value-added of manpower and the cost of employment. Also, the analysis of the results represented the validity and comprehensiveness of the model in assessing technology companies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Analysis of the Effect of Brand Promotion on Human Resource Performance in Science and Technology Parks
Dariush Poursarrajian Mohammad Saeed Taslimi Alinaghi Mashayekhi Ali Haji Gholam Saryazdi Mojgan Soltani

10.52547/jstpi.20990.18.70.1

In the present age, intangible assets such as branding, quality, technology, innovation, creativity, and knowledge capital are the source of organizations' competitive advantage. Organizations need to be able to create the right mental image of themselves in the minds o More

In the present age, intangible assets such as branding, quality, technology, innovation, creativity, and knowledge capital are the source of organizations' competitive advantage. Organizations need to be able to create the right mental image of themselves in the minds of their community, customers, and employees to attract and retain motivated, committed, and talented human resources. Given the importance of this issue in science and technology parks as technology and knowledge-based institution, whose most important assets are knowledgeable people, this article seeks to use the system dynamics approach of dynamic relationships of brand promotion policy on human resource performance in the park. Examine science and technology and provide appropriate solutions to improve the structure, quality, and quantity at the level of parks and ultimately improve the performance of science and technology parks. In this regard, using the opinions of experts in in-depth interviews in group model building (GMB) sessions, the problem was explained and a dynamic hypothesis was developed and a qualitative model (cause and effect diagrams - CLDs) and a quantitative model (stock and flow diagram - SFD) were developed. The results of group modeling in this paper lead to the identification of three strategies to increase agility and performance flexibility through the development of revenue sources, development of national and international science and technology parks, development of communications, and the scope of influence and development of specialized institutions, Technology, and communication with industry/market. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators in Iran: Review
Mahdieh Rezaeisadrabadi

10.52547/jstpi.21008.17.66.53

Science and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilita More

Science and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilitate the transfer of technology and knowledge by employing alumni population and accelerate the movement towards knowledge-based economic growth. On the other hand, the possibility of international communication between STPs and TBIs provides a favorable situation for scientific & technological cooperation between them and other similar centers and technology companies. Therefore, providing a comprehensive national picture of the overall situation of the STPs and TBIs in line with the policy making of technology in Islamic Republic of IRAN is important. According to the data collected until the end of July 2018, there are currently 36 STP and 83 TBI under non-STP organizations across five national regions. In this paper, the data collection was carried out via a questionnaire in partnership with the Rooyesh ICT Incubator and the Ministry of Science, research and Technology (MSRT). This study, tries to analyze various aspects of the situation of STPs and TBIs in Iran based on the qualitative standards of the reports published by International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Developing a model for the growth stages of knowledge-based companies
Ghasem Ramezanpour Nargesi Negin Fallah Haghighi Zeinab Sharifi

Nowadays, various knowledge-based companies (KBCs) have been formed in science and technology incubators to commercialize ideas in Iran. If these companies fail to achieve the desired growth, their losses for incubators and the country will be doubled. The purpose of th More

Nowadays, various knowledge-based companies (KBCs) have been formed in science and technology incubators to commercialize ideas in Iran. If these companies fail to achieve the desired growth, their losses for incubators and the country will be doubled. The purpose of the study was to develop a model for the growth of KBCs to determine the indicators of entry into incubators, growth stages of under studied KBCs and also to determine the features of each growth stage. The incubators of IROST and the Science and Technology Park (STP) of Guilan Province were selected as the case of study and a mixed research method was adopted. Data were collected through two instruments including interview and questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, 43 interviews and in the quantitative phase, 75 questionnaires were applied. Data analysis in qualitative and quantitative phases was performed using MAXQDA10 and SPSS25 software, respectively. The results showed that the indicators of entry into incubators were divided into three levels: individual, company and Incubator, so that the indicators of company level and incubator were the most and the least important, respectively. Based on the findings of the growth stages of KBCs, there are 4 stages including "center of prosperity and creativity", "pre-growth or initial growth or research core or technology core", "medium growth or growth or technology unit" and "post-growth or high growth or tenant unit" were identified. The findings of this study can help managers in making their policy in supporting KBCs at different stages of their growth Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - From Traditional Schools to Government Schools: Rereading the Practical and Theoretical Motivations of Schools in Qajar Period
Reza Mahuzi

The history of traditional schools in Iran is the history of those traditional educations that tended to stagnation and unchanging. However, in recent millennium, we were not confronted only with a single tradition but within religious and cultural trends there were var More

The history of traditional schools in Iran is the history of those traditional educations that tended to stagnation and unchanging. However, in recent millennium, we were not confronted only with a single tradition but within religious and cultural trends there were various educational traditions that came into existence in the form of traditional schools, schools, and mosque-schools. Yet this tradition in confrontation with the modern world and the social requirements of Iran in Qajar period failed to resist anymore and lost their tranquility and as a result compelled to change their standpoint. Hence, this tradition once in confrontation with modern private schools and then in confrontation with modern government schools were compelled to make some negative decision or at times positive decision; a decision that first were meant to confront them, but later on led to a kind of submission. The present paper tries to review the history of the changes of educational system in Iran from traditional school to modern one, and unfold those ideas that underpinned the changes in educational system of Iran in Qajar period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - A Study of the Idea of Crisis in Husserl’s View and its Background in the 19th Century European Philosophy
Seyyed mas‘ud Seyf Afshin Mo’azzen

At the beginning of the 20th century a vast trend which was unanimously called “the crisis of European science and culture” by its advocates emerged in Europe. Following the same trend, Husserl, one of the distinguished European thinkers of the early 20th century, intro More

At the beginning of the 20th century a vast trend which was unanimously called “the crisis of European science and culture” by its advocates emerged in Europe. Following the same trend, Husserl, one of the distinguished European thinkers of the early 20th century, introduced phenomenology as a solution to overcome this full-scale crisis, which, in his view, dominated Europe during the second half of the 19th century. He maintained that this crisis manifested itself in the form of absence of unity and coherence in philosophy and sciences (both natural and human sciences), as well as in the alienation of sciences from people’s everyday life. Husserl argued that the roots and causes of this crisis must be sought in the scientific and philosophical approaches of the 19th century Europe. During this period and after the demise of Hegel, certain schools such as Marxism, biologism, and historical hermeneutics appeared under the influence of Hegelian schools and the idea of historical relativism that they advocated. A common feature of all of them was their interest in relativism. Each of these schools, through negating the possibility of achieving a single and certain truth and also relativising it based on its own principles provided the context for the development of the above-mentioned crisis. After disclosing the nature of crisis in the philosophical principles of the West and through presenting a critical interpretation of Cartesian fundamentalism. Husserl suggested a method called “phenomenological interpretation” in order to have access to a solid and unifying basis for sciences. In spite of the several criticisms targeting this method, it has turned into one of the most fundamental phenomenological elements which has influenced a11 the philosophical schools which were developed after this prominent philosopher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Classification of Sciences in Ikhwan al-Safa and Farabi
Seyyed Ahmad Hosseinee Mehdi Amiri

Although many philosophers have spoken of the classification of sciences, none have referred to a single one agreed upon by all. Here, both the source of division and the divisions are different from each other in each classification, when classifying sciences, Ikhwan a More

Although many philosophers have spoken of the classification of sciences, none have referred to a single one agreed upon by all. Here, both the source of division and the divisions are different from each other in each classification, when classifying sciences, Ikhwan al-Safa consider pure types of knowledge and, initially, divide them into two theoretical and practical arts. However, Farabi divides scientific rather than pure types of knowledge and classifies them into two instrumental and non-instrumental sciences based on their functions. In the classification of Ikhwan al-Safa, drawing on the neo-Platonic approach, the place of the soul, politics, logic, and ethics are different from that in the classification of the Peripatetics, such as Farabi. The most important basis for classification of sciences in the view of Ikhwan al-Safa is the end. Nevertheless, similar to Aristotle, Farabi relies on two main criteria for the classification of sciences: end and subject. This paper, in addition to examining the differences between Ikhwan al-Safa and Farabi in their classification of sciences, discusses the specific place of some of sciences from their points of view. Manuscript profile

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89 - Aristotelian Model of Defining Science
Mehdi Nazemi Ardakani Hamed Mustafawi Fard

Thematic distinction is the oldest method of distinguishing sciences from each other, so that some believe that it is the only method used for this purpose. Taftazani and Lahiji claim that mutikallimun are unanimous that different sciences can be essentially distinguish More

Thematic distinction is the oldest method of distinguishing sciences from each other, so that some believe that it is the only method used for this purpose. Taftazani and Lahiji claim that mutikallimun are unanimous that different sciences can be essentially distinguished from each other based on their subject matters. Accordingly, they believe that the distinctions among sciences arise from the distinctions among their subjects, and by attaining aspects, they mean the aspects of the subject’s preparedness for accepting the predicate. However, in a more accurate sense, philosophers argue that, in the field of exact and demonstrative sciences, what consolidates the unity of a science is its subject matter. In the same way, ‘Allamah Tabataba’i explicitly states that the distinction criterion for exact and demonstrative sciences in their subject, and for mentally-posited sciences it is their end and purpose. In contrast, in the view of the critics of the model of “thematic distinction of sciences”, research findings indicate that sciences consist of a few propositions that have been completed over time. Therefore, their subjects were not even known to their founders and, that is why they were not capable of discussing their states. They argue that, even if we accept the Aristotelian model, we should say that many of the debates regarding the distinctions among sciences originate in confusing exact and mentally-posited sciences with each other and generalizing the principles of exact sciences to mentally-posited ones. Manuscript profile

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90 - A Critical Study of the Ideas concerning the Islamicity of Islamic Philosophy
Mansur Imanpour

Today, one of the questions raised regarding Islamic philosophy is what is meant by Islamic philosophy and why this philosophy is described by the attribute “Islamic”. Several contradictory ideas have been put forward in response to this question. Some believe that this More

Today, one of the questions raised regarding Islamic philosophy is what is meant by Islamic philosophy and why this philosophy is described by the attribute “Islamic”. Several contradictory ideas have been put forward in response to this question. Some believe that this philosophy is basically the same Greek philosophy, and it is unjustified to add to it the adjectives of “Arabic” and “Islamic”. Some others have reduced it to Islamic theology and kalam because of its supporting Islamic beliefs; nevertheless, there are many thinkers and researchers who believe in the truth and realization of this philosophy and its Islamic nature. These researchers are divided into two major groups: one group maintain that the title of “Islamic” has only a formal sense and argue that this school is called “Islamic philosophy” because it grew and was expanded in Islamic countries by Muslim philosophers and under the rule of Islamic governments. The other group, however, believe that this denomination is due to the nature and content of this philosophy and have provided different ideas in this regard. Some of the great figures of this group believe that, the reason for this denomination is that some of the issues and problems of this school are rooted in Islamic teachings, and some others are at the service of demonstrating these teachings. Some other thinkers also view the well-documented belief of the advocates of this philosophy in the existence of Almighty Necessary and Shar‘i and divine oneness as the main reason for calling it Islamic (in its general sense) philosophy. There are still others who introduce this philosophy as the same prophetic philosophy derived from the Book and Sunnah. The present paper, after explaining and analyzing the above views, concludes that Islamic philosophy is the birth child of the living interaction between Greek and Iranian philosophy and thought and Islamic culture and civilization. Through adhering to philosophical subjects, frameworks, and methods, this school is influenced by Islamic worldview and teachings in many respects. In fact, any kind of limitation in this regard and concentration on certain directions will inevitably lead to the fallacy of essence and aspect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - Role of Christianity in the Return of Greek Philosophy to the Sassanid Iran
Zahra Abdi

The present paper explores the role of Christianity in the transfer of Greek sciences, particularly philosophy, to Iran during the Sassanid period. Initially, Christianity enjoyed a brotherly and cooperative nature; however, later, in order to consolidate the status of More

The present paper explores the role of Christianity in the transfer of Greek sciences, particularly philosophy, to Iran during the Sassanid period. Initially, Christianity enjoyed a brotherly and cooperative nature; however, later, in order to consolidate the status of theology and teaching it, Christian teachers and saints had to use a philosophical system, which they adapted from Greek philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle, and their followers, such as neo-Platonists. Some innovative branches of Christianity such as Monophysites and Nestorians began teaching their theoretical theology based on certain philosophical ideas. Moreover, the Syriac-speaking Christians of Mesopotamia, who were mainly Nestorian, translated the works of Plato, Aristotle, and neo-Platonists into Syriac in their schools so that, while teaching philosophy, they could use them in their own religious field. The emigration of these groups to Iran, whether as refugees or captives, resulted in the transfer of Greek sciences to Iran. In this paper, the writer has discussed the above issues based on library resources and following the descriptive-analytic method. Manuscript profile

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92 - An Evaluation and Pathology of the Components of Epistemology of the Modern Period in Human Sciences
Ali Karbalaei Pazooki Fatemeh Najafi Pazooki

The formation of modern human sciences which are presently taught at the academic centers of the world dates back to the modern period in the West; an era which is known as the period of the separation of science, religion, intellect, and faith from each other. The theo More

The formation of modern human sciences which are presently taught at the academic centers of the world dates back to the modern period in the West; an era which is known as the period of the separation of science, religion, intellect, and faith from each other. The theoretical principles of this field of knowledge are limited to matter from an ontological standpoint, to anthropology from a humanist standpoint, to secularism from an eschatological standpoint, and to sense perception, experience, verification, and instrumental intellect from an epistemological standpoint. The question is what the contexts and background of the formation of modern human sciences in the West are, and what epistemological, religious, psychological, and spiritual harms they might lead to. Following a descriptive-analytic design and through a historical review of the problem of knowledge in the West, the present study intends to revisit the epistemological factors influencing the formation of the human sciences of the modern period and their disadvantages. Restricting science to scientism; human being to humanism; the world of being to natural phenomena; acquisition of knowledge to sense perception, empiricism, causality, and pure rationalism, as well as focusing on an epistemological distinction between phenomena and things in-themselves, and ignoring inner sense and fitri (intrinsic) knowledge, intuitive intellect and revelation are among the significant factors which play roles in the formation of modern western human sciences. Moreover, they underlie the creation of epistemological, religious, and psychological crises; spiritual poverty; nihilism, and the like in the world today. Manuscript profile

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93 - Editor's Note
Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

Classic Science Modern Science

Classic Science Modern Science Manuscript profile

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94 - Dilthey’s Lifeworld, Mullā Ṣadrā’s Transcendent Philosophy, and the Possibility of Transcendent Human Sciences
Ali Fathi

The influential role of Dilthey is unparalled in theories in the field of human sciences. He contrasted methodological hermeneutics with the positivist method of natural sciences and stated that, as all natural sciences share a single method, hermeneutics functions as a More

The influential role of Dilthey is unparalled in theories in the field of human sciences. He contrasted methodological hermeneutics with the positivist method of natural sciences and stated that, as all natural sciences share a single method, hermeneutics functions as a method employed by all human sciences. Through distinguishing human and natural sciences from each other and in order to emphasize that each enjoys an independent identity and demonstrate that the concerns of the two fields are different from each other, Dilthey stipulated that human sciences deal with the world of life, lived experience, or the same lifeworld. The world of nature is a mechanical one, while the living world or life world is alive and dynamic and, thus, the method of treating it is different from that of natural sciences. Using a comparative method, in this paper the author has tried to use the concept of lifeworld in Dilthey’s philosophy as an incentive to explore Mullā Ṣadrā’s Transcendent Philosophy. Moreover, relying on some of his philosophical principles, such as the principiality of existence, gradation of existence, and the trans-substantial motion as well as his explanation of the concept of free will, developmental process of the soul, graded unity of the knower and the known, and the theory of t’awīl, the author has discussed the concept of “transcendent life” in Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy. Finally, he has tried to demonstrate how one could explain the necessary conditions for the possibility of “transcendent human sciences” in the light of the above-mentioned principles and concepts. Manuscript profile

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95 - The Borderline between Gnosis and its Homogeneous Sciences
Ali Shirvani

Gnosis is a familiar term which is frequently used in oral and written culture and has a wide range of meanings. This has resulted in some ambiguity in its various applications, particularly, in its recent usage including “pseudo-gnosis” and “newly developed schools of More

Gnosis is a familiar term which is frequently used in oral and written culture and has a wide range of meanings. This has resulted in some ambiguity in its various applications, particularly, in its recent usage including “pseudo-gnosis” and “newly developed schools of gnosis”, as well as in discussions such as “the relationship between religion and gnosis”, “the relationship between the intellect and gnosis”, and “the relationship between philosophy and gnosis”. This paper is intended to determine the approximate borderline between gnosis (the science of theoretical gnosis) and philosophy as well as the difference between gnosis (the science of practical gnosis) and ethics through clarifying the meaning and concept of gnosis, distinguishing between practical and theoretical types of wisdom, and explaining the differences between them and the sciences of practical and theoretical types of gnosis. Manuscript profile

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96 - Value and Efficiency of Acquired and Non-Acquired Sciences in Ibn ‘Arabī
Forough al-Sadat Rahimpour Nayereh Esmaeli

One of the most important and fundamental problems in theoretical gnosis is science. Ibn Arabi divides sciences into acquired and non-acquired types based on the way they are gained. Acquired types of science consist of the same discursive sciences which people attain t More

One of the most important and fundamental problems in theoretical gnosis is science. Ibn Arabi divides sciences into acquired and non-acquired types based on the way they are gained. Acquired types of science consist of the same discursive sciences which people attain through rational reasoning. In contrast, the perception and attainment of non-acquired sciences are not only impossible for the intellect but also demand another tool called the heart, which is responsible for receiving the blessings and effusions of divine lights. Ibn ‘Arabī believes that true and original knowledge is one which God imparts to the heart. Such a kind of knowledge, unlike rational and acquired ones, is immune against error, doubt, and forgetting. This is because here Man is merely the receiver of God’s manifestations and cannot manipulate them at all. This paper explains the efficiency of acquired and non-acquired sciences from the view point of Ibn ‘Arabī, evaluates them, and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each in comparison to each other. Manuscript profile

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97 - Anthropological Bases of Sadrian Philosophy for the Interaction of Religious Sciences and Psychology
Mohammad Sadeq Fazeli Askar Dirbaz

The interactions between religious and modern sciences is presently one of the concerns of Islamic societies. This study investigates the anthropological principles of Sadrian philosophy based on which religious sciences and psychology can interact and exchange knowledg More

The interactions between religious and modern sciences is presently one of the concerns of Islamic societies. This study investigates the anthropological principles of Sadrian philosophy based on which religious sciences and psychology can interact and exchange knowledge with each other. In other words, it aims to demonstrate the interactions between religious sciences and modern psychology in the context of philosophical anthropology as one of the scientific foundations of these two disciplines. Following the library and content analysis methods, the researchers conclude that Sadrian philosophy, because of its anthropological principles in the two general realms of “cognitive science” and “cognitive concept”, provides an appropriate context for the exchange of data between religious sciences and psychology. Philosophical anthropology provides the necessary context for the mutual relationship between these sciences in “cognitive science” through the correct explanation of the purposes, methods, instruments, sources, structures, and criteria of religious sciences and psychology. In the context of conceptology, Sadrian philosophy has created an appropriate interactive context for the exchange of conceptual science between these disciplines through the explanation of quiddity and employment of such concepts as motivation, love, and meaning of life from an anthropological viewpoint. Manuscript profile

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98 - Assess and prioritize strategie formulation factors affecting small and medium enterprise to improve knowledge base by using ANP (Case Study: Isfahan Science and Technology Town)
عبداله احمدی جشوقانی غلامرضا اسماعیلیان

In the turbulent economic environment of the country and taken financial sanctions against the country, the knowledge base economy is one of the solutions out of the downturn and economic growth. Knowledge Based Economy, a new economy where knowledge is the main source More

In the turbulent economic environment of the country and taken financial sanctions against the country, the knowledge base economy is one of the solutions out of the downturn and economic growth. Knowledge Based Economy, a new economy where knowledge is the main source of growth and wealth creation. The main driver of Knowledge Based Economy, companies are knowledge base. Knowledge based companies and institutions, corporation institutions in order to synergy of science and wealth, knowledge-based economic development, scientific and economic goals (including the development and application of Invention and Innovation) and the commercialization of research and development (including design and production of goods and services) in the field of high technology and high added value, especially in the production of software is formed. The companies requires for the life and success selected careful planning and appropriate strategies. In this paper, based on previous studies, to evaluate the factors in fluencing the selection of an appropriate strategy to develop the knowledge base of its strategy. The aim of this study was to develop and select right strategy for the success of the Company. Similar studies evaluating external and internal factors such as the management of marketing and sales, finance, human resources, research and development was accomplished by using network analysis (ANP) with Super Decisions software and to prioritize them was discussed. The marketing and sales agent has been through more then anthers prioritize. Manuscript profile

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99 - Training of University’s Human Resources and its Impact on Quality of work life and performance of staff (case study: Iran university of science and Technology staffs)
علی بنیادی نایینی سید محسن اقبالی

This study has been implemented aimed to investigate the effect of training on quality of work life and work performance among employees Iran University of Science and Technology. In order to achieve this target statistical population (all employees Iran University of S More

This study has been implemented aimed to investigate the effect of training on quality of work life and work performance among employees Iran University of Science and Technology. In order to achieve this target statistical population (all employees Iran University of Science and Technology) which were 1180, have divided into 3 groups; service staff, administrative staff and professors. And of these, 500 employees that randomly selected from a list of employees, responded to the survey questionnaire. Research method is Correlation and questionnaires used in the survey includes: Quality of work life questionnaire (with 27 questions) components are designed based on the quality of work life, Casio Merton’s and Training questionnaire (with 19 questions) and performance assessment questionnaire (with 12 questions). To assess the reliability are used Cronbach's alpha and SPSS software, Where was obtained; reliability coefficient of performance assessment questionnaire 0/84, Reliability coefficients quality of work life questionnaire 0/88 and Reliability coefficient of training method 0/79. In order to analyze data and determine the relationship between the three variables, we used correlation test and to check whether or not a significant difference was used analysis of variance. This study indicates that "the relationship between quality of work life and performance of staff is significant in level of 0/014 with training staff. The main results of this study indicated an inverse relation between the level of education of employees and their willingness to learn. Manuscript profile

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100 - Exhibition of instrument to measuring the Wisdom axial in Science and Technology sectors in respect to Iran Vision Plan.
محمد محمودی میمند Ali Rabiei MohamadMehdi Parhizgar سیدجواد میرامینی

According to the Iran vision "Iran is a country in the first place developed economy, science and technology in Southwest Asia with emphasis on the software and knowledge production" The content analysis, analysis focusing on meaning,Focus groups and interview are met More

According to the Iran vision "Iran is a country in the first place developed economy, science and technology in Southwest Asia with emphasis on the software and knowledge production" The content analysis, analysis focusing on meaning,Focus groups and interview are methods . First, Indexes of cultural, economic, social, political, scientific, and fiscal, in comprehensive 2100 indexes were identified. After analysis, 1178 indexes was extracted, then these indexes were classified in 20 categories and among these indexes 313 indexes were considered based on analysis focusing on meaning. Finally, using focus groups of indices based on related to wisdom axial, 40 indexes identified and ranked based on the frequency of each one.Wisdom axial consisting of three layers including a wise man, a wise organization and a wise community.It seems that the findings of this study can be used as a powerful means, to measuring the Wisdom axial in Science and Technology sectors in respect to Iran Vision Plan. Manuscript profile

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101 - Applied Science pathology training institutions skill Gilan province Tuesday ramifications approach and the Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP)
alireza almaee Roghayeh yousefnezhad lazarjani

In a society tailored to their circumstances, culture, growth and decline with a variety of diversions and problems facing a damaging effect on the development of the society. Understanding these factors can pave the path of society towards progress and interaction, so More

In a society tailored to their circumstances, culture, growth and decline with a variety of diversions and problems facing a damaging effect on the development of the society. Understanding these factors can pave the path of society towards progress and interaction, so that in addition to understanding their function and prevent the continuation of the practice of offering solutions to the community health. In particular education and training leading to employment, such as science, alongside acts like the University of Applied Sciences is not exempt from this. In the meantime, effective training that leads to the target and output is beneficial to society, so we are going to achieve this important come the problems facing education. The research was conducted with the help of experts, a questionnaire was designed after consecutive sessions and then clinched the variables that affect its validity and reliability was determined. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.831, which has demonstrated the reliability of Likert type and weight them using analytic hierarchy in paired comparison questionnaire (Questionnaire 2) and index vulnerable, to prioritize and to the manager to decide the was. Recommended to use this hybrid model for other teaching institutions Manuscript profile

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102 - An Exploration and Examination of Factors Affecting Transfer of Training among Human Resources of Iranian Medical Science Universities, West Country
Yaser Sayadi Saeed Rajaeepour yasamin abedini khalil gholami

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the factors affecting transfer of training among human resources of Universities of Medical Science of Iran in 2015 - 2016. Materials and Methods: Utilizing a quantitative method approach, More

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the factors affecting transfer of training among human resources of Universities of Medical Science of Iran in 2015 - 2016. Materials and Methods: Utilizing a quantitative method approach, this research studied a sample of 346 employees of the Universities. The research tools included researcher-made questionnaire which it is Cronbach alpha coefficient was estimated 0.92. Results: Overall, the resulting based on factor analysis (EFA and CFA) employees, determined six fundamental factors that affect transfer of training in Iran’s Universities of Medical Science: Training design factors, Management factors, Environmental factors, Cultural factors, Supportive factors, Individual factors. Conclusion: This study presents a comprehensive vision and deep insight into the factors affecting the transfer of training that can overtake other organizations. Also, this study implies to role of the fundamental aspects affecting the transfer of training according to Iranian society. This study suggests that in transfer of training to the workplace, pay attention to cultural considerations, religious and ethnic in designing, implementing and evaluating education Manuscript profile

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103 - decision support system design by using data mining tools (CASE STUDY Cultural Assistance of University of Science and Technology)
Rouzbeh Ghousi emad chizari hani vahdani

decision-making,is the most important duty of managers. In the new era , decision-making process has many difficulties and delicacies; so that decision-making without the use of new technologies and information analysis , the objectives will not be achieved as desired. More

decision-making,is the most important duty of managers. In the new era , decision-making process has many difficulties and delicacies; so that decision-making without the use of new technologies and information analysis , the objectives will not be achieved as desired. Efficient management in addition to knowledge & experience management, needs to know how to use information systems. decision support system(DSS) is one of these systems that support decision-making process for managers. In this paper , at first we review the literature of decision support systems; then data mining as a tool to extract information and knowledge from organizational raw data is introduced. This extracted knowledge, may contain concepts and informations that are neglected in organization up to now, so this knowledge can help managers in Decision-making process. Eventually, The findings of this study has been used to help managers and vicars in their decisions at Iran University of Science and Technology(IUST). Manuscript profile

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104 - Network of general problems of science production in national scale
محمد سعید جبل عاملی Seyed Seza Fatemi amin

The first and most important step in managing the production of science in order to improve society's affairs and achieve scientific authority is to understand the exact problems of science production. Identification of problem has many complications. Problems with diff More

The first and most important step in managing the production of science in order to improve society's affairs and achieve scientific authority is to understand the exact problems of science production. Identification of problem has many complications. Problems with different interpretations are expressed and not related to the relationship between problems. As a result, many ambiguities and confusion arise. In this research, the Grounded theory is used to extract the problems of science production and the relationships between them, then by using paired comparisons, the relationship between problems is defined more precisely. Also, using the DEMATEL method, the effect size of the problems is apparent The achievement of this research is to identify the network of science production problems by explaining the 22 problems and the relationships between them. The problems of "university-community communication, research quality, research demand, and supply of research" have more interaction with other problems. The problems of "research supply, Brain Drain, quality of research, researcher motivation and research demand" are the most influential and the problems of "organizational management, intellectual property, attraction capacity, university-community communication and foreign trade" are most influential The achievement of this research is a network of general problems of science production, this network must be tailored to specific scientific disciplines and fields. Given the general nature of this research, the network of problems can be used as a guide for identifying the network of science production problems in specific cases (geographic regions or scientific disciplines). Manuscript profile

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105 - (Identification and leveling Factors Affecting the Brand Success of Knowledge-Based Industrial Business( Experimental Examples of Technology Units Deployed at Semnan Province Science and Technology Park(
hasanali Aghajani Abdolhamid Safaei Ghadikolaei Meysam Shirkhodaei hasan vahedi

Abstract Given the importance of brand success in small and medium-sized businesses and especially in knowledge based companies, this research was implemented by goals of identifying and leveling factors affecting the brand success of knowledge based industries in tech More

Abstract Given the importance of brand success in small and medium-sized businesses and especially in knowledge based companies, this research was implemented by goals of identifying and leveling factors affecting the brand success of knowledge based industries in technology units based in the science and technology park of Semnan province using the ISM method. To do this, the views of fourteen university professors and experts of the organizations studied, the factors affecting the brand success of knowledge-based companies were examined and after the final refinement, eight factors were selected. In the next step, these factors were stratified by Structural Interpretation Modeling Technique. Finally, among the factors affecting the brand success of knowledge-based companies, the history of the company and the type of ownership, is first and the most influential factor. Next, brand features are located. The third level includes the market share, the fourth level is the size of the company and the market share and, ultimately, the most influential factors, communications and marketing plans are at the fifth level. This leveling enables knowledge-based companies to formulate the strategies needed to succeed in their product brands and move them closer to their ultimate goal as they progress at each level Manuscript profile

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106 - Designing a Model of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in the Regional Innovation System (Case Study: Yazd Province Special Science and Technology Zone)
علی صفاری دربرزی habib zare ahmadabadi seyed reza salami Davood Andalib Ardakani

Due to the complexity of science, technology and innovation system, policymakers and decision-makers are concerned by designing a comprehensive model for policy making in this field. Therefore, it is essential to understand and extract relationships of science, technolo More

Due to the complexity of science, technology and innovation system, policymakers and decision-makers are concerned by designing a comprehensive model for policy making in this field. Therefore, it is essential to understand and extract relationships of science, technology and innovation policy indices. The purpose of this research is to identify and establish the link between indices in the form of regional innovation system. For this purpose, in the first step, using the review of the literature of research as well as the use of experts' opinions, the most important dimensions of the model of policymaking of science, technology and innovation were identified. Then, in the next step, interpretive structural modeling technique was used to communicate and sequence between the main dimensions and presenting the relational model. According to the results, 56 indicators in eight main dimensions were ranked in five levels. With the validation of the model, using structural equation modeling, it was determined that the two dimensions of the institutions and resources of science and technology are the basic foundations of science, technology and innovation policy in the special field of science and technology in Yazd province that the policymaking process is practically from these two dimensions of the beginning gets. Manuscript profile

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107 - Designing a knowledge-based human resource architecture model with a data-based approach: Analysis of antecedents and consequences
Zahra Ghorbani Nasrabadi Rohollah Samiee tahmoores aghajani

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a knowledge model of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences of a country. The present study is a qualitative study using the data theory of the foundation and the model of Straus More

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a knowledge model of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences of a country. The present study is a qualitative study using the data theory of the foundation and the model of Strauss and Corbin. Scope of studies: University of Medical Sciences of one country, including the provinces of Gilan, Kalestan, Mazandaran, Shahroud and Babol, and the participants were experts in the field of human resources. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted using purposive sampling method and snowball technique. In this study, the data reached a theoretical saturation stage after conducting fifteen interviews. However, five more interviews were conducted to ensure adequacy. The Lincoln and Goba criteria were used to determine the validity and the process audit method and internal agreement were used to determine the reliability. The findings showed that the knowledge model of knowledge-based human resources is developed in the form of five categories of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. In this model, the relationships between components show that the knowledge model of knowledge-based human resources is done through an interactive process between components. Determining cultural, organizational, behavioral, structural, environmental factors, the formation of a new attitude to the workforce can be very important in the decisions and architectural process of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences of a country. Manuscript profile

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108 - Presenting an International Model of Manpower Training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Aram Ghaniuon Ali Reza Afsharnejad Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Ehsan Sadeh

10.52547/istd.31465.8.31.129

The aim of this study is to provide a model for the internationalization of human resources training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The research is qualitative and grounded theory method has been used to analyze the data. For this purpose, in-depth int More

The aim of this study is to provide a model for the internationalization of human resources training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The research is qualitative and grounded theory method has been used to analyze the data. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 people who are experts in the field of internationalization of manpower training, using the method of snowball sampling. The data obtained from the interviews were then analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. At the end, a paradigm model of internationalization of human resources training consisting of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, pivotal phenomena, strategies and consequences was drawn. The main phenomenon of the designed model is the internationalization of human resources training in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Findings showed that causal factors include infrastructure, necessary standards, available facilities and internationalization needs. Interfering factors include the political situation in the country, educational and academic centers, environmental factors, managerial integrity and executive factors. Underlying factors include the competitive environment and attitudes towards the phenomenon of globalization and strategies in the form of culture, creating an appropriate scientific and research structure, effective propaganda, social programs and laws and regulations. The implications of an international system of manpower training also include cultural, economic, communicative, and educational achievements. Manuscript profile

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109 - Philosophical Explanation of the Strategy of Creative Teaching of Natural Sciences in Schools with Reference to the Program of “Philosophy & Children”
Fatemeh Bandalizadeh

The age of childhood and youth is the best period for social, emotional, and cognitive growth of children. On the one hand it constitutes the basis of human life, that is, what man has gained during the last centuries is due to his thinking power which played a decisive More

The age of childhood and youth is the best period for social, emotional, and cognitive growth of children. On the one hand it constitutes the basis of human life, that is, what man has gained during the last centuries is due to his thinking power which played a decisive role in his growth. Therefore, all his successes and progresses are rooted in his creative thinking. In this line the present article makes attempt to carry out a philosophical explanation of the strategy of creative teaching of natural sciences in schools with reference to the program of “Philosophy & Children”. The method of the work is analytic-descriptive based on library sources including laws, books, thesis, national and international articles. According to the findings of the article, creative thinking plays an important role in natural sciences. Accordingly, traditional method in teaching natural sciences, not only prevents the growth of critical thinking, but also brings about a gap between the programs and their implementations. Therefore, the only solution is to make a change in the way of teaching this science with reference to the program of “Philosophy & Children” and following a philosophical approach in teaching natural science. Manuscript profile

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110 - Organizational Capital Measurement Model (Case Study: One of the public sector Research Institutions)
Seyed Amir Reza Nejat

Organizational capital that thinks of investing as a strategic resource is limited and has a competitive and sustainable value for the organization. The purpose of this article is the effect of organizational capital in determining the organizational capital that can be More

Organizational capital that thinks of investing as a strategic resource is limited and has a competitive and sustainable value for the organization. The purpose of this article is the effect of organizational capital in determining the organizational capital that can be achieved by using the system management method, executive processes and procedures, knowledge management and organization. This research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical survey research method, descriptive information collection method and quantitative data type. The statistical population of managers, senior experts and researchers in the field of science and technology of a disciplinary research institution, the number of samples of this research was 169 and were selected using random sampling method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire and its value based on the first 20 questionnaires was 0.959, which indicates the appropriate reliability for the questionnaire. Using factor analysis and structured equation modeling, research hypotheses about the components and indicators of organizational capital were examined. Statistical tests of correlation show that the components and indicators have significantly explained the organizational capital. Also, organizational capital has had a significant impact on the achievement of macro-strategic goals. The proposed model showed that organizational capital can be explained through four components of systems, knowledge management, culture and organizational structure along with its indicators and also expresses an interpretation of the development and excellence of science, technology and innovation of research institution by organizational capital. Manuscript profile

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111 - The Influence of Social Conditions on Mullā Ṣadrā’s Classification of Sciences
Fatemeh Jamshidi Nasrin Serajipour

During the Safavid era, at the time of Mullā Ṣadrā and upon the rise of court-jurisprudents and pseudo-mysticism, true sciences such as jurisprudence, philosophy, and gnosis were in seclusion. Mullā Ṣadrā, as a religious scholar who was familiar with the philosophical a More

During the Safavid era, at the time of Mullā Ṣadrā and upon the rise of court-jurisprudents and pseudo-mysticism, true sciences such as jurisprudence, philosophy, and gnosis were in seclusion. Mullā Ṣadrā, as a religious scholar who was familiar with the philosophical and gnostic ideas before him, tried to eliminate philosophical confusion from the scientific society and oppose this fallacious approach. Hence, he established a new philosophical system in order to bring all previous thoughts together in a consistent manner. In fact, he aimed to clarify the place of true knowledge and the ways of attaining it for society through establishing his own school of philosophy. The classification of sciences is one of the fundamental problems in any philosophical system. However, it is emphasized that each system of philosophy and the collection of its problems are influenced by the social conditions of their time. Similarly, Mullā Ṣadrā’s classification reflects his social concerns and has been developed in response to the social needs of his time and directing them towards true sciences. He has provided a specific classification of sciences in each of the three periods of his scientific life. He followed a peripatetic approach during the first period, an Illuminationist approach during the second one, and a transcendent approach during the third period, which reflected the height of his philosophical maturity. This paper aims to investigate Mullā Ṣadrā’s classification of sciences during each of the three periods of his scientific life and demonstrate how each was influenced by the social conditions of his time, and how each responded to the existing societal needs. Manuscript profile

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112 - Book Review: Science of Mind or Psychology from the Standpoint of Education
Esmaeil Naseri

Abstract: The book "Science of Mind or Psychology from the Standpoint of Education" by Ali Akbar Siassi (1938) is mentioned as the first academic textbook of psychology in Iran. In this article, an attempt has been made to review and critique this work according to the More

Abstract: The book "Science of Mind or Psychology from the Standpoint of Education" by Ali Akbar Siassi (1938) is mentioned as the first academic textbook of psychology in Iran. In this article, an attempt has been made to review and critique this work according to the book review method of the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts. This work has most of the apparent indicators of the books, including the title page, preface, table of contents, list of terms, list of names, and list of gravures (photos, figures, tables, and diagrams). The lack of an introduction, both at the beginning of the book and at the beginning of the chapters, and the lack of a list of sources at the end of the book are among the most significant shortcomings of this work in the later form. In terms of content, the relevance of the book's content to the current topics of general psychology, the organization of the book's chapters according to the topics of the science of mind, attention to empirical psycho-logy, pioneering word retrieval, attention to educating children and adolescents, examining important theories of psychology and Criticism of them, and attention to Iranian sources, are among the strengths of the book. The weaknesses in referencing and not updating the latest editions of the book, are among the most significant shortcomings of this work. Manuscript profile

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113 - ُُEditor's Note
Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

از مداخل مهم تاريخ علم و فلسفه جهان، مدخلي موسوم به «نهضت ترجمه» در دو قلمرو عالم اسلام و غرب لاتيني است. تتبّعات و تحقيقات متعدّدي در چگونگي اين دو رخداد مهم علمي و فرهنگي صورت پذيرفته و اكنون به بركت اين تلاشها، داده‌هاي ارزشمندي دربارة آثار و منابع، مترجمان و چگونگي More

از مداخل مهم تاريخ علم و فلسفه جهان، مدخلي موسوم به «نهضت ترجمه» در دو قلمرو عالم اسلام و غرب لاتيني است. تتبّعات و تحقيقات متعدّدي در چگونگي اين دو رخداد مهم علمي و فرهنگي صورت پذيرفته و اكنون به بركت اين تلاشها، داده‌هاي ارزشمندي دربارة آثار و منابع، مترجمان و چگونگي ترجمة آثار از زبان مبدأ به زبان مقصد در اختيار ماست. برابر گاهشماري موّرخانِ تاريخ علم، نهضت ترجمة نخست، حدّ فاصل قرن سوّم تا پنجم قمري در عالم اسلام و در مناطقي چون بغداد و مرو و نهضت ترجمة دوم، حد فاصل اواخر قرن يازدهم تا اواسط قرن سيزدهم ميلادي در مناطقي چون صَقليّه (سيسيل) و طليطليه (تولدو) در جنوب اروپاي آنروز پديد آمد. بي‌ترديد در باب مبادي و انگيزه‌هاي دو حوزة فرهنگي و تمدني عالم اسلام و غرب لاتيني در اقبال به ترجمة متون نيز ديدگاههاي مختلفي عرضه شده است، ليكن همچنان پرسشهاي مهمي در اين زمينه وجود دارد كه نيازمند تتبّع و تحقيق افزونتري است، مانند اين پرسشها كه: به غير از احساس نياز به فراگيري دانشها ـ بويژه دانشهاي كاربردي نظير رياضيات، نجوم و طبّ ـ چه انگيزه يا انگيزه‌هاي ديگري در اخذ و اقتباس اين علوم وجود داشته است؟ در اقبال و توجه به علوم عقلي نظير منطق و فلسفه و كلام چه زمينه‌هاي روحي و فرهنگي مؤثر بوده است؟ و مهمتر اينكه: در اخذ و اقتباس علوم، چه افزوده‌ها و تغييراتي به صورتهاي اوليه آن علوم ضميمه شده است؟ بنظر ميرسد مبادي تحرّك و نشاط علمي سده‌هاي نخستين قمري در عالم اسلام و نيز تأثيرات ناشي از حضور هشتصد ساله حاكمان مسلمان (711 ـ 1492م.) در شبه جزيره‌ ايبري در جنوب اسپانيا از جمله موضوعاتي است كه همچنان نيازمند بررسي و پژوهش بيشتري است، زيرا در مقايسه با شرايط و موقعيتهاي قبل و بعد از اين مقاطع تاريخي، تحولات چشمگيري صورت گرفته كه تنها برمبناي آگاهي از گاهشماري آن تحولات، نميتوان به عمق روابط و مناسبات فرهنگي و معنوي آن روزگار پي‌ برد. به اين مطلب بايد مطلب ديگري نيز افزود و آن اينكه بخش اعظم پژوهشهاي صورت گرفته در خصوص اين دو جريان علمي بدست پژوهشگران غربي انجام شده و حتي آن بخش از اين پژوهشها كه مربوط به نهضت ترجمه در عالم اسلام است نيز عمدتاً از جانب پژوهشهاي غرب به شرق سرازير شده است، اين در حالي است كه منابع و مدارك تاريخي براي پژوهشهاي گسترده در اين زمينه در اختيار پژوهشگران عالم اسلام قرار داشته و دارد، مانند انبوهي از تراجم و فهرستها و گزارشهاي تاريخي كه هرچند نيازمند مطالعه و بررسي انتقادي است، ليكن حجم قابل توجهي از داده‌ها را در اختيار پژوهشگران اين حوزه قرار ميدهد. اميد آنكه اين مهم با همّت و دقت نظر صاحبان قلم و پژوهشگران علاقمند به حوزة تاريخ علم و تمدن تحقق يافته و افق جديدي از تأثير ميراث علمي جهان اسلام را به روي نسل حاضر بگشايد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - Pathology of Religious Education Discourse in the System of Formal Education of Iran

Religious education with its concomitant attempt at shaping a single, uniform identity among the younger generation has always been the concern of our educational system over the past thirty years.To deal with this matter, the aim of this study is, first, to survey the More

Religious education with its concomitant attempt at shaping a single, uniform identity among the younger generation has always been the concern of our educational system over the past thirty years.To deal with this matter, the aim of this study is, first, to survey the dominant discourse of religious education with its subsidiary discourses of campaign against cultural invasion and the localization of sciences in post revolutionary Iran and, second, to investigate the pathology of the above discourse, particularly from the perspective of religious education. To achieve this purpose, the present investigation, using an analytical approach, surveying the history of the above discourse and categorizing the data thus obtained, attempted to review the Islamic education discourse over the past thirty years and critically evaluate its consequences. The results of the survey point to the fact that excessive emphasis on social engineering and attempt at forming a single uniform religious identity, the inculcation of an attitude for imitation through indoctrination, formalism, and a “quarantined” education are the dire consequences of the above discouse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - Study of socio-economic factors affecting the work conscience of managers of government offices in Yasuj
SeyyedAilabbas Mohaddes asghar mohammadi Moslem mortezapour

The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-economic factors affecting the work conscience of government managers in Yasuj. The method of this research is survey and descriptive and the data collection tool is a questionnaire, the statistical population is 65 More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-economic factors affecting the work conscience of government managers in Yasuj. The method of this research is survey and descriptive and the data collection tool is a questionnaire, the statistical population is 6500 managers of government departments, the sample size is 400 managers of government departments in Yasuj, which is available by sampling method. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using multiple correlation coefficient (regression). In this research, the following variables were studied and these results were obtained: Managers' ignorance of the organization's goals R = 764% and R2 = 584%, how to select managers R = 892% and R2 = 795%, involvement of political factions R = 8.899 and R2 = 808%, ethnic differences and Tribal R = 8.28% and R2 = 675., lack of scientific information of experts R = 909% and R2 = 826, expansion of organizational information R = 893% and R2 = 798% Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - A study on relationship between historical statements of holy Quran and statements of the science of history
حمید فغفور مغربی

Objective(s): This article is seeking to examine the relationship between historical statements of the holy Quran and statements of the science of history. Methods: The article has been written based on descriptive-analytical method. Its historical materials and data More

Objective(s): This article is seeking to examine the relationship between historical statements of the holy Quran and statements of the science of history. Methods: The article has been written based on descriptive-analytical method. Its historical materials and data were collected based on bibliographical documents. Results: The science of history can be categorized into two major branches: humanistic experimental sciences and naturalistic experimental sciences. Quran can be categorized based on the Divine teachings. In this article, the relation between statements of the science of history and historical statements of Quran has been examined and the following results obtained 1- The relationship between unity and conformity; some of the Quranic historical statements are exactly consistent with some of the statements of science of history. The fact that such statements have been just recently discovered in the history science, they show scientific miracle of the holy Quran in the field of history. 2- No statement of science of history, which is considered definite in the view of historians, is inconsistent with historical statements of the holy Quran because the Revealer of the scripture is the one who has the absolute science and wisdom. 3- Some of the statements of the science of history have no relationship with the historical statements of the holy Quran and are quite distinct issues. Some of these statements can be used for better interpretation and comprehension of Quran and historical narrations. 4- We can find some historical statements especially in the area of historical traditions of Quran which the science of Quran has not yet discovered them. Such statements can be a source of inspiration for history scholars. Even they can pave the ground for the advent of new history theories. 5- In the issue of discussions around the reason behind the revelation of Quranic verses and sacred narrations we can regard the issue of consistency with the definite statements developed by historians as a criterion for understanding Quranic verses and narrations. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that Quarn could help historian to understand the science of history more perfectly Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - Pathology of Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies in Information Technology-based Environment
Hamid Reza Imanifar

The purpose of this study is to investigate a "Pathology of Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies in the Information Technology-based Environment". In this study, library research and analytical methods have been used. Currently, there is not much research done on interdisc More

The purpose of this study is to investigate a "Pathology of Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies in the Information Technology-based Environment". In this study, library research and analytical methods have been used. Currently, there is not much research done on interdisciplinary studies of the Quran and scholars have little access to related works and books. The solution to this problem is to create a comprehensive database of information in cyberspace specialized in the field of interdisciplinary Quranic studies. It will include the collection of books as well as articles related to conferences, journals and newspapers on the subject. There should also be plans for collecting works on interdisciplinary studies of the Quran conducted in other countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - The Need to Strengthen Medical Universities and the Concept of the Islamic University of Relying on Revayat
Mahdi Jafarzadeh Ali Shafiei

There is a radical approach to the university and medical knowledge that categorize universities to Islamic and non-Islamic. When the university will be Islamic that medical subjects are derived entirely from the Quran and Hadith and some religious fanatic behavior is c More

There is a radical approach to the university and medical knowledge that categorize universities to Islamic and non-Islamic. When the university will be Islamic that medical subjects are derived entirely from the Quran and Hadith and some religious fanatic behavior is clearly considered at the University of Medical Sciences. The aim of this study at the first step is critique of above standpoint and second step is investigation of the characteristics of Islamic university. With regard to results raised in this article can be said, Certainly there are all of thing that humans needed in the Quran, therefore, therefore, it do not have to enter the other sciences.On the other hand, although the Prophet Akram and the Imams know all sciences and knowledge that was derived from the Quran,Always emphasize Learning science and even in the treatment of disease have consulted with doctor.Hence, one cannot expect that the Muslim community without the benefit of empirical sciences, to meet the needs of its community limited only to Revelationsand revayat. Rather, it should move in the direction of training specialists so that it can meet their social needs. As we know, universities are most important and effective places in the production of science.So Medical University in the Muslim community must also adjunct and act in line Islam aims.In order to provide this goal, the Islamic University must have some features, which was discussed in this manuscript, some of the most important of this features are Creation of enthusiasm and motivation for knowledge acquisition, Trying to produce science as an important tool of soft power, pay attention to the importance of self-purification, also having a sense of responsibility towards the Islamic nation. Otherwise, the mere existence of the university in an Islamic country, is not Islamic University Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Classification of Scientific Elucidations of the Holy Quran
shadi nafisi

Scientific interpretation is one of the methods for interpreting the Holy Quran that has flourished in the contemporary era with numerous works. In this method, the findings of empirical sciences are used to better elucidate the verses of the Quran. Identifying this exp More

Scientific interpretation is one of the methods for interpreting the Holy Quran that has flourished in the contemporary era with numerous works. In this method, the findings of empirical sciences are used to better elucidate the verses of the Quran. Identifying this explanatory role of science can lead to a better understanding of the relation of science and the Quran. This article by employing the analytical-descriptive method, this explanatory role is investigated at three levels: Explaining the concepts of the words of ayahs, explaining the concepts of the sentences of the Quran, and the representing the new referents. While the explanatory role of science can further help human beings have a clearer understanding of religious facts, the scientific interpretations at the level of explaining the words of ayahs, lead to widening or narrowing the meaning, or strengthens one, in the process of preferring one meaning out of multiple meanings possible for one ayah .The elucidating role of scientific data in the study of sentences of the Quran can be classified into seven groups: clarifying the meaning, the basis of resemblance, the basis of division, the process, the reason for specification of the mention, relation and ultimate preference of a possibility. Meanwhile, some of the scientific interpretations seem to be more consistent with the literal meaning of the verse, making the complicated interpretations of the past seem unjustifiable. Moreover, some of the other scientific interpretations widen the scope of the meaning by suggesting a new possible interpretation beside those of the past. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - with an Emphasis on the Discourse of Satan in the Quran
mohammad hosein shir afkan ali reza ghaemi nia

Mankind craves for perfection and in order for his growth, he needs to identify obstacles facing in his path. One of the main obstacles on his path which keeps him aloof from Allah is Satan. Hence, identifying and recognizing Satan as a great barrier which prevents him More

Mankind craves for perfection and in order for his growth, he needs to identify obstacles facing in his path. One of the main obstacles on his path which keeps him aloof from Allah is Satan. Hence, identifying and recognizing Satan as a great barrier which prevents him from reaching a defined objective is necessary. In the Holy Quran there are many conversations, including those suggested by Satan. Mentioning Satan’s dialogues in the Quran demonstrates the importance of this matter in the sight of Allah. In this paper, verses containing the words of Satan are investigated and analyzed based on cognitive conceptualization in order to explain and recognize the reality of Satan’s words in the Quran and the way they make sense in this group of verses. It considers Satan’s words in five categories, of Satan’s superiority, asking for respite, dominance, seeking good and Satan’s promise, the mind can make a good concept of these matters and is ready to analyze them. In conclusion, it can be said that Satan’s mental space stands against the divine mental space and the followers of each have tendency toward the mental space in accordance with their capacity and thoughts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - Identifying the Criteria of Research Fields in Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies
zahra naghizadeh zahra feizi

Any field of knowledge consists of branches and various fields, and each entails questions and issues in need of research. But from the view of organizational structures, identifying the fields and running research on them may be influential in reducing costs and the cr More

Any field of knowledge consists of branches and various fields, and each entails questions and issues in need of research. But from the view of organizational structures, identifying the fields and running research on them may be influential in reducing costs and the criteria according to which the research fields can be identified, is necessary. This issue is clearly manifested in research field in interdisciplinary studies of the Holy Quran and other sciences. Therefore this paper is to identify the criteria for research fields in interdisciplinary studies of the Holy Quran and the sciences. Methodologically the research method is qualitative, using library, focus group and nominal group technique. The statistical society consists of 7 experts of Quranic sciences, educational sciences, sociology and educational management. By using the comments of these experts, 7 criteria to designate the research fields have been determined as follows: Specification the gaps in this subject matter, designation of the Quranic capability in this subject matter, diversity of related fields of knowledge, the extent of influence of the problems of the field on society, inclusion of the subject matter, the professional capability existing in the country and the organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Bibliography of Quran and Natural Sciences
hamid faghfoor maghrebi majid nabavi

Since identifying the references is essential for the researchers, therefore bibliography of recently published books is of great importance. The field of Quran and Natural Sciences is among the fields, whose domain of research is prepared by the help of its bibliograph More

Since identifying the references is essential for the researchers, therefore bibliography of recently published books is of great importance. The field of Quran and Natural Sciences is among the fields, whose domain of research is prepared by the help of its bibliography. One of the solutions in attaining the correct information in this field is to identify the references and evaluate the authors’ views in these books. Therefore, a brief review on the published books in this field forms the aim of scholars’ research. The researcher’s question is on the number of published books in the field of Quran and Natural Sciences, and seemingly they reach 406 books published in various domains of Quran and Natural Sciences. The method of information gathering is based on the study of a team of librarians and the aim of the paper is to make the researchers familiar with references focusing on Quran and Natural Sciences. The result attained in this study is refraining from doing repetitive researches and enriching the future writings Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - study and classification of science and knowledge in the hole Qur’ani
MAHDI ESMAEILI SADR ABADI Najmeh .kazemi

simultaneous to the revelation of Qur'an, the early foundations of the Qur'anic sciences were based. Therefore, this knowledge appeared shortly after revelation of Quran and developed with a number of companions and followers. Therefore, what has been left today is a pr More

simultaneous to the revelation of Qur'an, the early foundations of the Qur'anic sciences were based. Therefore, this knowledge appeared shortly after revelation of Quran and developed with a number of companions and followers. Therefore, what has been left today is a precious treasure in various periods and fields by the scholars who were living in the beginning of Islam. Based on this fact, it is important to study the question how were defined these materials in viewpoint of scholars, as the scholars had special categorization based on their own criteria in last centuries. Based on what was mentioned, the present analytical-descriptive research, the present article seeks to clarify and classify this important issue according to the two criteria of the internal and external Qur'anic sciences. The results of this paper indicate the specializing the Olum Fi'lQur'an to the internal sciences and Olum Li'lQur'an to the external sciences, which the introduction to Understanding the content of the Holy Qur'an. Therefore, throughout the mentioned classification, the Holy Qur'an is the proper central matter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Quran-based systematization (Fundamental Concepts, Strategies and Processes)
Saeid Bahmani

During these two decades after the revolution (1357) we have witnessed the application of four fundamental concepts in the scientific literary in Iran, such as: “Islamicization of the science”, “Quran-based Human Sciences”, “Quran-based systematization” and “Quran-based More

During these two decades after the revolution (1357) we have witnessed the application of four fundamental concepts in the scientific literary in Iran, such as: “Islamicization of the science”, “Quran-based Human Sciences”, “Quran-based systematization” and “Quran-based theorization”. Firstly application of “Quran-based systematization” in the document of charter of development of Quranic culture of the country has to some extent propagated the use of this concept. Secondly “Quran-based theorization” is also mentioned in the scientific community and some of the strategic documents, since systematization is dependent on the theorization. The spread of these concepts, shows the rise for scientific revolution in the human sciences. The significant issue on the mind of those who emphasize on functionalization of these concepts is the failure of philosophical and doctrinal sciences in removing the obstacles faced by Islamic communities in achieving divine objectives. Some of the sages, scholars and researches inside or outside the country, have claimed their ideas on these concepts or have written them down. Among the questions raised in this regard are: the exact meaning of these concepts, the strategies for achieving them, the process by which these suggested strategies are fulfilled. The abstract nature of these concepts has made them to be considered as scientific objectives of the Islamic Revolution. These concepts are counted as general and absolute particular and each enjoys primacy to the other. This paper focuses on the four concepts mentioned and also the strategies and processes applied for their fulfilment. It also shows that systematization and production of Quran-based human sciences and Islamicization of sciences, depend on Quran-based theorization. After almost four decades of examining and analyzing the fundamental concepts, we have reached the necessity of Quran-based theorization, while Sayyad Muhammad Baqir Sadr has long ago been one of the pioneers in this field, and has discussed theorization prior to everyone else. This means that we have not made use of his scientific findings and are still remained in the much earlier period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Identifying and Rating Areas of Research in Interdisciplinary Field of Quranic Sciences and Educational Sciences
Leila Khosravi Morad zahra naghizadeh zahra feizi Hamid Reza Yunesi

The fallibility of human knowledge, nature of supplementation and hybridity of science necessitate interdisciplinary studies in humanities. Quranic knowledge, studying the two branches of Quranic sciences (in particular) and Quranic teachings, is included in the field o More

The fallibility of human knowledge, nature of supplementation and hybridity of science necessitate interdisciplinary studies in humanities. Quranic knowledge, studying the two branches of Quranic sciences (in particular) and Quranic teachings, is included in the field of interdisciplinary studies. On the other hand, educational and related concepts in educational sciences are part of academic fields. Hence, given the significance of such studies, this paper has been written with the aim of identifying research areas for interdisciplinary studies in the two fields of Quranic knowledge and educational sciences. This study, which is a library research, has been conducted using the descriptive method. The statistical society of the research comprises library resources and related documents. In order to achieve the objective of the research, measurement criteria and weights identified by Feizi and Naqizadeh have been used. Using these, the researcher has analyzed data sources of each of the weights in the fields of educational sciences and Quranic teachings. Findings show a need for more studies on educational sciences in informal education. Also, in Quranic knowledge, the amount of research is higher in the branch of Quranic teachings. Moreover, Quranic research is possible in all three kinds of education but it has the most weight in informal education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - Revisiting and Validating the Normative Approach to Sciences in the View of Islamic Philosophers
Ahmad Shahgoli Fardin Jamshidi Mehr

This study was conducted to clarify the view of Islamic philosophers regarding the graded approach to sciences and the dimensions and outcomes of this problem. One of the principles dominating the worldview of Islamic philosophers is the graded conception of affairs. Th More

This study was conducted to clarify the view of Islamic philosophers regarding the graded approach to sciences and the dimensions and outcomes of this problem. One of the principles dominating the worldview of Islamic philosophers is the graded conception of affairs. This view also exists in relation to sciences and stipulates that sciences are of different levels and grades with respect to their value. In other words, some of them are more valuable, while some others are less valuable. Philosophers believe that philosophy is the noblest of all sciences and have provided some criteria and arguments in support of this claim. The purpose of this paper is to explain and revisit this approach and its epistemological effects based on a descriptive-analytic and critical method. Therefore, the authors have first introduced the basic principles and approaches of philosophers concerning this problem and then clarified their effects and consequences in other realms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Educational system in the Timurid and Turkmen periods
Abed jaish

The educational system found a special place in the Timurid and Turkmen periods, and kings, princes, princes, khatins, and scholars each contributed to the institution's growth. Despite the relative calm, political and security stability that followed the death of Timur More

The educational system found a special place in the Timurid and Turkmen periods, and kings, princes, princes, khatins, and scholars each contributed to the institution's growth. Despite the relative calm, political and security stability that followed the death of Timur in the reign of Shah Rukh, his successor, the living conditions of the people also improved and a suitable ground was prepared for a scientific and cultural movement. Therefore, Herat, the capital of Shah Rukh, became the center of gathering of scholars and literature, and many schools, libraries and educational circles were built in various places by the efforts of sultans, lovers of science and religious institutions. The Timurid sultans, on the one hand, provided the necessary educational facilities and facilities for the welfare of professors and students of science, as well as improving the level of education, and on the other hand, pursued the legitimacy of the government. One of the most prominent features of the Timurid and Turkmen rule is the great interest of some of these sultans in the development of science, literature and the construction of educational centers. The construction of these educational institutions has been so numerous that Jami claims that no other school has been built in such a period in the history of Iran. The most important findings of this study are the role of kings, princes and Timurid ministers in the construction of schools, the multiplicity of educational institutions, the role and function of libraries in reproducing more books, the adherence of educational institutions to a codified educational system, the prosperity of Sufism and its impact on the educational system. The endowment is in the expansion of educational institutions and the influence of the elders on the educational policy of the Timurid sultans. In the present study, the author examines and analyzes the educational system in the Timurid and Turkmen periods by descriptive and analytical methods and with reference to library sources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Analysis of Thematic Trends of Smart City Studies in the Recent Decade (From the Emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to 2021)
Alireza Noruzi Mohammad Reza Vasfi Somayyeh Jafari Baghiabadi

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updat More

The fourth industrial revolution, with the convergence of new technologies, has led to the emergence of smart cities. While the smartening of cities by governments has been happening at a high speed, the concept and implementation of the smart city are still being updated and changed. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the thematic trends of publications on smart city in the Web of Science (WoS) database from the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution to 2021, and track the thematic trends of these studies. This scientometric research was carried out descriptively with the content analysis method, using the techniques of co-occurrence analysis and social network analysis. The trends of publications and citation influence of studies in the field of smart cities in the last decade has had an upward growth of 38.78% and 69.49%, respectively. In the three time periods, "IoT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most frequency, "IOT, City, Internet, and Wireless Sensor Network" have the most connections, and "ipv6, Sustainable City, and Urban Development" in 2012–2015, "Taxonomy, cloud objects and distributed computing" in 2016–2018 and "Literature review, urban informatics, and sustainable urban development" in 2019-2021 have received the most citations. In 2012–2015, clusters of sensor networks, smartphones, genetic algorithms, advanced sensors, ubiquitous city, and m2m; in 2016-2018 clusters of deep learning, participation, evolutionary algorithms, ubiquitous computing, and smart cities; and in 2019-2021 blockchain clusters, participation citizenship, IoT, topics, technologies, and tools.multi-agent systems, and Brazil were identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Liquidity Risk Prediction Using News Sentiment Analysis
albadvi albadvi hamed mirashk mehrdad kargari Mohammad Ali Rastegar Mohammad Talebi

One of the main problems of Iranian banks is the lack of risk management process with a forward-looking approach, and one of the most important risks in banks is liquidity risk. Therefore, predicting liquidity risk has become an important issue for banks. Conventional m More

One of the main problems of Iranian banks is the lack of risk management process with a forward-looking approach, and one of the most important risks in banks is liquidity risk. Therefore, predicting liquidity risk has become an important issue for banks. Conventional methods of measuring liquidity risk are complex, time-consuming and expensive, which makes its prediction far from possible. Predicting liquidity risk at the right time can prevent serious problems or crises in the bank. In this study, it has been tried to provide an innovative solution for predicting bank liquidity risk and leading scenarios by using the approach of news sentiment analysis. The news sentiment analysis approach about one of the Iranian banks has been used in order to identify dynamic and effective qualitative factors in liquidity risk to provide a simpler and more efficient method for predicting the liquidity risk trend. The proposed method provides practical scenarios for real-world banking risk decision makers. The obtained liquidity risk scenarios are evaluated in comparison with the scenarios occurring in the bank according to the guidelines of the Basel Committee and the opinion of banking experts to ensure the correctness of the predictions and its alignment. The result of periodically evaluating the studied scenarios indicates a relatively high accuracy. The accuracy of prediction in possible scenarios derived from the Basel Committee is 95.5% and in scenarios derived from experts' opinions, 75%. Manuscript profile

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